Encountering the state through legal tenure security: Perspectives from a low income resettlement scheme in urban India

Patel, Kamna

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.07.016

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…JNNURM relies on two sub-missions to achieve its aims, namely Urban Infrastructure and Governance and the Basic Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP) (Patel, 2016: 106) of which the interventions in Kulamnagar are an example. The BSUP focuses on either relocation of residents or the in situ upgrade of poorquality housing, the provision of services as well as secure tenure (Patel, 2016). JNNURM is not explicitly gendered in focus with Khosla (2009) claiming that it has been 'overlooked' and that guidelines do not accommodate women's representation or issues (6, 9).…”

Section: Comparative Contexts and Cases: Hammond's Farm South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…National programmes of urban development, which incorporate housing formalisation, are driven by multiple motivations (see Patel, 2016) including welfare and poverty concerns, sometimes overlain by wider neoliberal agendas to enhance the economic competitiveness of cities (Patel, 2016). Similarly, they may be driven by politically informed promises of (perhaps) new regimes following periods of discrimination and marginalisation of particular bodies (Brickell and Cuomo, 2017) and finally motivations can be driven by a desire 'to manage informality' (Patel, 2016: 104) with a mix of all these motivations evident in both contexts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gendered il/legalities of housing formalisation in India and South Africa

2018

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Urban interventions, such as state-led housing provision in India and South Africa, establish new legal landscapes for urban residents (formerly slum/informal dwellers), who become home owners, legal occupiers of spaces, ratespayers and visible citizens although not in ways that are necessarily contingent. These material-legal processes are also acutely gendered underscoring wider calls for a feminist approach to legal geographies. Informed by a comparative empirically driven study, this paper explores how in both contexts, urban interventions work to enhance gender equality through improving women's material shelter in the city, and introduce tenure security, often prioritising very poor women. Yet, their implementation is riddled with slippages as well as operating within a broader poverty-patriarchy nexus. This means that these legally framed benefits have occurred alongside complex and perverse outcomes including unemployment, gendered tensions and acute loss of privacy for some. Housing interventions produce uneven legal geographies, with persisting gendered inequalities and poverty distorting residents' abilities to benefit from material-legal interventions aimed at improving their lives.

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Section: Comparative Contexts and Cases: Hammond's Farm South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered il/legalities of housing formalisation in India and South Africa

2018

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“…Known as the Gujarat riots, thousands of mainly Muslim Gujaratis were killed and thousands more Gujaratis displaced creating contemporary settlement patterns in the city along caste and religious based identities. This forged the political and social context to the research and specifically affected the resettlement site under study where residents were predominately low-income Muslims and lower caste Hindus (see Patel, 2016).…”

Section: Self-reflections On Fieldworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is in a name? How caste names affect the production of situated knowledge

Patel

2017

Gender, Place & Culture

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Patel, Desai, Kothari … to those literate in the workings of caste these names describe a network and its power in relation to other networks, they infer the rules of engagement within and between network members, and they ascribe a geographical terrain to home. In research, rules of behaviour and assumptions of place that are coded into names can affect access to respondents, their disclosure of data and subsequent claims to validity. This paper explores the coded expectations of knowledge embedded in a name as seen by someone (me) fairly illiterate in the workings of caste by utilising the principle of Bourdieu's doxaa 'pre-reflexive intuitive knowledge' (Deer, 2012, 115)to untangle and explore the effect of names on the production of partial and situated knowledge. Drawing on fieldwork in Gujarat, India, I analyse reflexive accounts through the lenses of feminist geographers and critical race scholars to illustrate the effects of being unknowingly and unwillingly placed into a social hierarchy of power in the field, introduce the idea of 'us-ing' (an opposite of othering) to describe researcherrespondent relations, and explore how readers might interpret the presence or absence of data and claims to validity. These accounts make visible the effects of positionality on knowledge production in ways that speak to feminist-postcolonial research, and specifically to feminist researchers of colour conducting research away from 'home'.

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“…">Introduction: Peripheral relocation and (Im)mobilityMany cities in middle-income countries are witnessing significant expansions in the production of state-subsidised housing, at a scale that is relocating millions of people. Their promise is to deliver housing, infrastructure and services that meet universal standards of decency and sustainable human settlements and, at the same time, to replace informal tenure arrangements, services, and governance with legible and governable urban environments (Patel, 2016). The danger is that delayed or partial 2021 the Author(s).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their focus on the global South, however, emphasises the roles and unintended consequences of state-driven 'developmental' agendas. These may be tied to ideals of decency and changed living practices that residents may themselves attempt to uphold (Charlton, 2018;Pancholi, 2020;Patel, 2016), but alongside gains in privacy, space and security (Meth et al, under review), the practical experience of relocation into state housing is often marred by poor quality construction and soaring costs, producing 'marginalised formalisation' (Meth, 2020). Second, they highlight the spatiality of re-placement.…”

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confidence: 99%

(Im)mobility at the margins: low-income households’ experiences of peripheral resettlement in India and South Africa

et al. 2021

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Expanded state-subsidised housing programmes in middle-income countries raise questions about the displacement and socio-spatial marginalisation of poor households. Examining these questions through people's experiences of resettlement indicates the importance of mobility to their lives. Drawing on a mixed-method comparative study of Ahmedabad, Chennai and Johannesburg, we ask: How does the relocation of low-income households to urban peripheries reshape the links between their physical and socio-economic mobility, and how does this impact on their ability to build secure urban futures? Experiences of families moving to five peripheral settlements indicate two linked challenges to the social and economic mobility of the peripheralised urban poor: first, their immediate and individual ability to be mobile within the city and second, the longer-term social mobility of their households. While trajectories towards secure urban citizenship for all remain a policy aspiration, housing policies and practices are placing this on hold or even reversing this, with mobility constraints locking many low-income groups into marginality. Introduction: Peripheral relocation and (Im)mobilityMany cities in middle-income countries are witnessing significant expansions in the production of state-subsidised housing, at a scale that is relocating millions of people. Their promise is to deliver housing, infrastructure and services that meet universal standards of decency and sustainable human settlements and, at the same time, to replace informal tenure arrangements, services, and governance with legible and governable urban environments (Patel, 2016). The danger is that delayed or partial 2021 the Author(s). Published by informa uK Limited, trading as taylor & Francis group.

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Encountering the state through legal tenure security: Perspectives from a low income resettlement scheme in urban India

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Gendered il/legalities of housing formalisation in India and South Africa

Gendered il/legalities of housing formalisation in India and South Africa

What is in a name? How caste names affect the production of situated knowledge

(Im)mobility at the margins: low-income households’ experiences of peripheral resettlement in India and South Africa

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