Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

Kirk, Raymond E.; Othmer, Donald F.; Newburger, S H

doi:10.1093/jaoac/36.4.1190a

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Low combustion temperature (below 700C) within a short time process favored the formation of amorphous silica (Chen et al, 2015). The silica in the amorphous phase has a random and irregular arrangement of atoms and patterns so that amorphous silica is more reactive than crystalline silica (Kirk et al, 1953). The nonzeolite crystalline phases i.e., CaCO3 and SiO2 silicate reduced in the acid treatment method as reported elsewhere (Pangan et al, 2016;Steven et al, 2021;Suwanmaneechot et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Silica Extracted From Corn Leavesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Conversion of Green Silica from Corn Leaf into Zeolites Na A-X

Kurniawan

Satria

Saputra

et al. 2022

Indonesian J. Sci. Technol

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Combustion of corn leaf as a model of biomass from agricultural waste is a simple way to obtain the energy. It produces a low-value by-product of ash and is rich in silica that can become a precursor for zeolite production. In this study, acid-treated corn leaves combustion was performed to produce high purity silica (SiO2). The diffraction pattern suggested that the extracted silica was amorphous without the impurities phase. Additionally, the nitrogen isotherm indicated that the material was highly mesoporous silica with a total surface area of 200 m2/g. The hydrothermal method was then applied with a composition molar ratio of 1.25SiO2:1Al2O3:5Na2O:250H2O to synthesize zeolites from the silica. The temperature and time effect on the hydrothermal zeolite’s synthesis was investigated. The diffraction pattern shows that high crystalline zeolite Na A-X was produced at temperatures of 100°C and 8 h hydrothermal time. According to nitrogen physisorption analysis, the zeolite Na A-X consisted of micropores with a total surface area of 270 m2/g. The morphology of zeolite Na A-X was cube for the Na-A and octahedral for the Na-X. The hydrothermal temperature and time highly affected the zeolite formed. This research suggested that the ash waste could be valorized through conversion into a high economic value zeolites.

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Section: Silica Extracted From Corn Leavesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Conversion of Green Silica from Corn Leaf into Zeolites Na A-X

Kurniawan

Satria

Saputra

et al. 2022

Indonesian J. Sci. Technol

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“…Senyawa pengotor dapat mengurangi kualitas dari produk. Senyawa ini memiliki berbagai aplikasi yang beragam, mulai dari kimia industri, semikonduktor, katalis untuk hidrasi senyawa alkuna (Chen et al, 2015), katalis dalam reaksi mannich untuk produksi β-amino carbonyl (Wang, Song and Liang, 2010), wol tahan api (Kirk, Othmer and Newburger, 1953), hingga mordan. Fungsi mordan di dalam industri tekstil adalah sebagai senyawa pengikat zat warna agar tidak melarut dalam air.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Stanum (IV) klorida pentahidrat, SnCl4.5H2O, merupakan kristal putih yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk menjadi cair (deliquescent) dan larut dalam air atau metanol (Kirk, Othmer and Newburger, 1953). Senyawa ini dapat dibuat dari dua jenis bahan baku, yaitu logam timah (Sn) (Yunnan, no date) dan stanum (IV) klorida (SnCl4) (Othmer, 1953;Semenov et al, 2005;Mellor, 1927) melalui alur reaksi yang berbeda.…”

Section: Sintesis Sncl45h2ounclassified

“…Pada sintesis jalur ini, stanum (IV) klorida pentahidrat dibuat dengan cara melarutkan SnCl4 di dalam air panas, sehingga membentuk pentahidrat pada temperatur di atas titik leleh, kemudian didinginkan sehingga terbentuk kristal (Kirk, Othmer and Newburger, 1953). Suhu reaksi untuk menghasilkan pentahidrat adalah 19-56°C ( (Kirk, Othmer and Newburger, 1953;Semenov et al, 2005;Mellor, 1927). Reaksi ini bersifat eksotermik dan mengikuti persamaan reaksi berikut ini:…”

Section: Sintesis Sncl45h2o Dari Stanum (Iv) Klorida (Sncl4)unclassified

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Sintesis, Karakterisasi Dan Aplikasi Timah Tetraklorida Pentahidrat

Pramudita,

Pitaloka,

Rahmayetti

et al. 2023

JIP UNTIRTA

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Produk turunan timah dengan nilai ekonomi lebih tinggi sangat sedikit dihasilkan di dalam negeri. Oleh sebab itu, pemerintah menerapkan larangan ekspor timah murni. Kebijakan larangan ekspor timah mentah perlu diiringi dengan penguasaan teknologi hilirisasi produk timah. Salah satu produk kimia turunan timah adalah SnCl4.5H2O yang merupakan hasil reaksi antara SnCl4 dengan air. Karakterisasi produk SnCl4.5H2O penting dilakukan agar kualitas produk tetap terjaga. Dalam artikel ini beberapa rute produksi komersial dan teknik karakterisasi SnCl4.5H2O dari mulai menggunakan instrumen analisis canggih hingga analisis titrasi dibahas. Aplikasi komersial dari produk SnCl4.5H2O mencakup bidang seperti katalis, stabiliser untuk polyvinyl chloride (PVC), semikonduktor, baterai, dan pewarna. Perkembangan terbaru mengenai potensi pengembangan penelitian SnCl4.5H2O sebagai salah satu produk hilirisasi timah juga diulas dalam tulisan ini.

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“…In conclusion, FGD sludge composed 57.6% of gypsum and 42.4% of anhydrite. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) is one of the most useful analytical technique used to determine the material's molecular composition and structure based on the sample's absorbance of infrared radiations (IR) at various wavelengths [8]. Figure 2 shows the FTIR spectra of FGD sludge.…”

Section: Chemical Properties Of Fgd Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation Of FGD Sludge From One of Glass Industrial in Malaysia and Their Potential as Ceramic Mould

Othman

Banjuraizah

Khor

et al. 2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) is a waste incineration process used to eliminate sulfur dioxide (SO2) from flue gas power plants. Limestone/gypsum was injected into the plant to trap sulfur dioxide and change their chemical composition from calcium carbonate to calcium sulfate dehydrate, known as FGD sludge wet scrubber. Nowadays, it is necessary to overcome the environmental pollution caused by the massive production of FGD sludge waste through recycling. In this research, FGD sludge was characterised to reveal its chemical composition, crystalline phase, and FTIR spectra characteristics. FGD sludge recorded a moderate alkaline with a pH of 8.24. Based on the XRD result, FGD sludge was mainly composed of gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) and anhydrite (CaSO4). XRF analysis also shows that FGD sludge was mainly composed of calcium oxide, sulfur trioxide, silica, and potassium oxide.

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Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Conversion of Green Silica from Corn Leaf into Zeolites Na A-X

Conversion of Green Silica from Corn Leaf into Zeolites Na A-X

Sintesis, Karakterisasi Dan Aplikasi Timah Tetraklorida Pentahidrat

Characterisation Of FGD Sludge From One of Glass Industrial in Malaysia and Their Potential as Ceramic Mould

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