End-of-season effects of elevated temperature on ecophysiological processes of grassland species at different species richness levels

Lemmens, C. M. H. M.; Boeck, Hans J. De; Gielen, Birgit; Bossuyt, Heleen; Malchair, Sandrine; Carnol, Monique; Merckx, Roel; Nijs, Ivan; Ceulemans, R.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.02.009

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For all species, SLA appeared to be unaffected by heating. This result is in accordance with Lemmens et al (2006), who observed no temperature effect on SLA either, in the same set-up in September and October 2003. By contrast, Loveys et al (2002) reported increases in SLA with increasing growth temperature in 14 out of 16 species.…”

Section: Heating Effectsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Effects of climate warming and declining species richness in grassland model ecosystems: acclimation of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes

et al. 2007

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Abstract.To study the effects of warming and declining species richness on the carbon balance of grassland communities, model ecosystems containing one, three or nine species were exposed to ambient and elevated (ambient +3 • C) air temperature. In this paper, we analyze measured ecosystem CO 2 fluxes to test whether ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration had acclimated to warming after 28 months of continuous heating, and whether the degree of acclimation depended on species richness. In order to test whether acclimation occurred, short term temperature response curves were established for all communities in both treatments. At similar temperatures, lower flux rates in the heated communities as compared to the unheated communities would indicate thermal acclimation. Because plant cover was significantly higher in the heated treatment, we normalized the data for plant cover. Subsequently, down-regulation of both photosynthesis and respiration was observed. Although CO 2 fluxes were larger in communities with higher species richness, species richness did not affect the degree of acclimation to warming. These results imply that models need to take thermal acclimation into account to simulate photosynthesis and respiration in a warmer world.

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Section: Heating Effectsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In contrast to our results, Lemmens et al (2006) reported a negative temperature effect on plant biomass for the same experiment at the November 2003 harvest. This reduction in biomass was, however, most likely due to enhanced soil drought in the heated chambers during summer 2003 .…”

Section: Heating Effectcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Effects of climate warming and declining species richness in grassland model ecosystems: acclimation of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes

et al. 2007

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“…This is reflected in the literature by studies reporting either no changes (Loik et al 2000;Llorens et al 2003Llorens et al , 2004, decreases (Callaway et al 1994;Pearson and Dawson 2003) or increases in photosynthetic rates (Apple et al 2000;Lemmens et al 2006). Our current findings to a large extent fit this simple explanatory framework.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Alien plant species favoured over congeneric natives under experimental climate warming in temperate Belgian climate

Verlinden

Nijs

2010

Biol Invasions

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Climate warming and biological invasions by alien species are two key factors threatening the world's biodiversity. To date, their impact has largely been studied independently, and knowledge on whether climate warming will promote invasions relies strongly on bioclimatic models. We therefore set up a study to experimentally compare responses to warming in native and alien plant species. Ten congeneric species pairs were exposed to ambient and elevated temperature (?3°C) in sunlit, climatecontrolled chambers, under optimal water and nutrient supply to avoid interaction with other factors. All species pairs combined, total plant biomass reacted differently to warming in alien versus native species, which could be traced to significantly different root responses. On average, native species became less productive in the warmer climate, whereas their alien counterparts showed no response. The three alien species with the strongest warming response (Lathyrus latifolius, Cerastium tomentosum and Artemisia verlotiorum) are currently non-invasive but all originate from regions with a warmer climate. Still, other alien species that also originate from warmer regions became less or remained equally productive. Structural or ecophysiological acclimation to warming was largely absent, both in native and alien species, apart from light-saturated photosynthetic rate, where warming tended to restrain the native but not the alien species. A difference in the capacity to acclimate photosynthetic rates to the new climate may therefore have caused the contrasting biomass response. Future experiments are needed to ascertain whether climate warming can effectively tip the balance between native and alien competitors.

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“…Lower soil moisture levels recorded in warmed communities (Table 3) triggered a decrease in stomatal conductance (Lemmens et al, 2006) ensuring that transpirative losses were dampened (De Boeck et al, 2006a). The decreased stomatal conductance contributed to lower photosynthetic rates, while plant respiration was also decreased, but by a lower amount (De Boeck et al, 2007b; net CO 2 flux averages are shown in Table 3).…”

Section: Is Grassland Biomass Production Positively or Negatively Affmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass production in experimental grasslands of different species richness during three years of climate warming

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Here we report on the single and combined impacts of climate warming and species richness on the biomass production in experimental grassland communities. Projections of a future warmer climate have stimulated studies on the response of terrestrial ecosystems to this global change. Experiments have likewise addressed the importance of species numbers for ecosystem functioning. There is, however, little knowledge on the interplay between warming and species richness. During three years, we grew experimental plant communities containing one, three or nine grassland species in 12 sunlit, climate-controlled chambers in Wilrijk, Belgium. Half of these chambers were exposed to ambient air temperatures (unheated), while the other half were warmed by 3 • C (heated). Equal amounts of water were added to heated and unheated communities, so that warming would imply drier soils if evapotranspiration was higher. Biomass production was decreased due to warming, both aboveground (-29%) and belowground (-25%), as negative impacts of increased heat and drought stress in summer prevailed. Complementarity effects, likely mostly through both increased aboveground spatial complementarity and facilitative effects of legumes, led to higher shoot and root biomass in multi-species communities, regardless of the induced warming. Surprisingly, warming suppressed productivity the most in 9-species communities, which may be attributed to negative impacts of intense interspecific competiCorrespondence to: H. J. De Boeck (hans.deboeck@ua.ac.be) tion for resources under conditions of high abiotic stress. Our results suggest that warming and the associated soil drying could reduce primary production in many temperate grasslands, and that this will not necessarily be mitigated by efforts to maintain or increase species richness.

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End-of-season effects of elevated temperature on ecophysiological processes of grassland species at different species richness levels

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of climate warming and declining species richness in grassland model ecosystems: acclimation of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes

Effects of climate warming and declining species richness in grassland model ecosystems: acclimation of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes

Alien plant species favoured over congeneric natives under experimental climate warming in temperate Belgian climate

Biomass production in experimental grasslands of different species richness during three years of climate warming

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End-of-season effects of elevated temperature on ecophysiological processes of grassland species at different species richness levels

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of climate warming and declining species richness in grassland model ecosystems: acclimation of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes

Effects of climate warming and declining species richness in grassland model ecosystems: acclimation of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes

Alien plant species favoured over congeneric natives under experimental climate warming in temperate Belgian climate

Biomass production in experimental grasslands of different species richness during three years of climate warming

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Effects of climate warming and declining species richness in grassland model ecosystems: acclimation of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes

Effects of climate warming and declining species richness in grassland model ecosystems: acclimation of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes