End-results in Primary Sterility

Abstract

EVENTS OF THE PRIMATE OVARIAN CYCLE BR 4 cians of the opportunities they will have to help solve the problems of ovarian function. The basic outline of the human cycle has been worked out, and it can be understood in relation to the general pattern of mammalian reproduction. Its time-schedule is fairly well known statistically. Much has been learned about the endocrine factors that control cyclic events. Because we have gone so far it is becoming possible to study some of the major variations and abnormalities of the cycle in individuals, with the hope of relieving the distress and suffering that so often attend them. More and more this investigation will have to be carried on in the consulting-room, the operating theatre, and the hospital laboratory, but it calls for workers who know the biology of the cycle.This word to the clinicians is the first half of my peroration. Let me finish it in the spirit of Thomas Henry Huxley's broad curiosity about mankind's place in nature. Comparing the human cycle with that of other primates, we find that human ovarian functions operate through similar anatomical structures and' follow the general primate pattern. In this respect our race is simply another simian species; and yet, passing upwatd through the primate line we find an increasing domination of nervous and mental processes in the control of reproductive behaviour. This trend reaches its height in mankind. Possessing a generalized animal body with a highly specialized brain, our species has grown into a realm beyond the merely animal in which we not only undergo the cycles and fluctuations of animal life but also seek to understand and to direct them; a realm where sex and reproduction are at their best bound up with reason, and a sense of beauty, and human affection. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTEReferences to the contributions cited will bc found in the bibliographies of the following recent books and articles: Asdell, S. A. (1946). Patternis of Mammalian Repr-oduction.

Pregnancy after Primary Infertility Investigation

“…On the other hand, Bender (1952) and Jeffcoate (1954) both reported a conception rate of 46.3%, and Wilson et al (1959) one of 499% from the Mayo Clinic. But there have been comparatively low rates, such as 23 % in 707 cases reported by Barns et al (1953).…”

“…The outcome of the first pregnancy is summarized iin (Bender, 1952;Southam and Buxton, 1957;Swyer, 1959).…”

Treatment Unrelated Pregnancies in Infertile Couples

“…Reports that differentiate between treatment related and treatment independent preganacies are not common in recent literature on infertility. Fifty years back Bender [9] found that 63% of 324 pregnancies among 700 couples occurred six months or more after treatment and Sharman [10] reported that 236 of 264 pregnancies among 1575 couples occurred in untreated couples. In 1969 Grant [11] reported that 35% of 1415 women conceived without treatment Dunphy [12] reported 22% pregnancy rate as placebo response in sub-fertile couples.…”

“…There is no agreement on length of time after completion of treatment during which its effect may be expected to persist Interval of six months [9,15] and three months [14] after the medical treatment and 12 months after surgical treatment have been reported. We classified pregnancies occurring 3 months after medical treatment and 12 months after the surgical treatment as treatment independent pregnancies as per criteria used by Collins [15] …”

Female Fertility

“…By two years 249 (95.4%) had conceived. Bender (1952) found that of 714 primigravidae seen 77.4% had conceived within one year of first coitus or marriage, and 86.7% within two years. Tietze et al (1950), reviewing the time required for conception in 1,727 pregnaracies, found that more than 90%Yi had conceived within one year.…”