End-to-End Response Time of IEC 61499 Distributed Applications Over Switched Ethernet

Lindgren, Per; Eriksson, Johan; Lindner, Marcus; Lindner, Andreas; Pereira, David; Pinho, Luís Miguel

doi:10.1109/tii.2016.2626463

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, the switched network induced jitter is in the order of 100 ns and the possibility of data packet collisions in the switches is eliminated with the currently available switching technologies. Therefore, predictable timing is offered by the switched Ethernet networks without specialized software and hardware components [42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An innovative industrial control system architecture for real‐time response, fault‐tolerant operation and seamless plant integration

Kalyvas¹

2021

J. eng.

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Large-scale infrastructure and industrial projects face schedule delays, cost overruns and performance shortfalls. One cause is the late delivery of their control systems that end up being complex and unsuited. To overcome this problem, an innovative industrial control system is proposed that can be commissioned almost effortlessly and delivered on time without functional defects in most large-scale industrial and infrastructure construction projects, while offering high capacity (>25,000 filed devices scanning >100,000 signals) and straightforward scalability, upgradability and maintainability. Designed with a central controller and distributed sensing and actuating devices, and equipped with a cluster of servers and an Ethernet network transporting video, voice and data (>300 video and >750 voice streams), it integrates plant automation technologies with data communication techniques, allowing industrial and information technology applications to coexist and cooperate. While being tolerant to faults and fast in its response, it provides high safety integrity level (>SIL 2) and real-time automatic reaction in repetitive stimuli or occasional events (programmable from 5 to 250 ms). In this paper, with the provided system blueprint and engineering guidelines, this novel system architecture can be built with off-the-shelf components seamlessly integrated in the context of Cyber Physical Systems.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An innovative industrial control system architecture for real‐time response, fault‐tolerant operation and seamless plant integration

Kalyvas¹

2021

J. eng.

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“…From a networking perspective this level can be seen as a local area network aggregating several edge nodes. At this level the privacy-preserving requirement can be easily achieved since all the traffic coming from different edge nodes can be logically separated using the IEEE 802.1Q standard [37] to partition (and isolate) segment of (physical) LAN into different virtual LANs (the so called VLANs). This is also very important since the IEEE 802.1Q standard contains provisions for a Quality-of-Service (QoS) prioritization scheme such as the IEEE 802.1p [38].…”

Section: Methods Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trustworthy Method for Person Identification in IIoT Environments by Means of Facial Dynamics

Castiglione

Nappi

Ricciardi

2021

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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In Industrial Internet of Things environments, dependability of complex manufacturing process in which human operators play a key role can be improved by identity recognition/authentication of whoever is involved in the various stages of a production process, according to where and when he/she is supposed to be. To this aim we propose an approach that exploits the dynamic appearance and the time-dependent local features characterizing the face of an individual during speech utterance with regard to their spatial and temporal components.The proposed method models these dynamic facial patterns captured from edge IoT devices by means of LBP-TOP descriptor, which effectively extract both face's local features and movement at the fog level of the architecture. A deep feed-forward network available in the cloud, is trained and optimized to match the extracted features to a reference database. The achieved results highlight state-of-the-art performances of the proposed method with regard to robustness and trustworthiness of identification, especially for challenging IIoT scenarios.

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“…A lessthan-ideal alternative is to invite RC of the centralized crowdintelligence platform to serve as the third party guarantee and the intermediary node of the data transferring network path. This increases the bandwidth overburden and response time [11], [12], [13], as raw data transferring plays a great role in a normal IIoT or crowd-intelligence ecosystem, where pictures or video clips are published by the publisher or submitted by workers [2], [10], [3], [16].…”

Section: A Trustless Platform Enabled By Blockchain Smart Contract An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remote cloud center (RC) of the centralized crowd-intelligence platform must serve as the third party guarantee and the intermediary node of the data transferring network path. As raw data transferring plays a great role in a normal crowdintelligence ecosystem, trust problem may result in excess bandwidth and delayed response [11], [12], [13]. This needs to be avoided in time critical use cases, e.g., automobile navigation [10], [14], [15] or disaster recovery [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain-Enabled Trustless Crowd-Intelligence Ecosystem on Mobile Edge Computing

Wang

Bhargava

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

105

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Crowd-intelligence tries to gather, process, infer and ascertain massive useful information by utilizing the intelligence of crowds or distributed computers, which has great potential in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). A crowd-intelligence ecosystem involves three stakeholders, namely the platform, workers (e.g., individuals, sensors or processors), and task publisher. The stakeholders have no mutual trust but interest conflict, which means bad cooperation of them. Due to lack of trust, transferring raw data (e.g., pictures or video clips) between publisher and workers requires the remote platform center to serve as a relay node, which implies network congestion. First we use a rewardpenalty model to align the incentives of stakeholders. Then the predefined rules are implemented using blockchain smart contract on many edge servers of the mobile edge computing network, which together function as a trustless hybrid humanmachine crowd-intelligence platform. As edge servers are near to workers and publisher, network congestion can be effectively improved. Further, we proved the existence of the only one strong Nash equilibrium, which can maximize the interests of involved edge servers and make the ecosystem bigger. Theoretical analysis and experiments validate the proposed method respectively.Index Terms-Mobile edge computing, blockchain smart contract, crowd-intelligence ecosystem, trustless, hybrid humanmachine, reward and penalty, strong Nash equilibrium.

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End-to-End Response Time of IEC 61499 Distributed Applications Over Switched Ethernet

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

An innovative industrial control system architecture for real‐time response, fault‐tolerant operation and seamless plant integration

An innovative industrial control system architecture for real‐time response, fault‐tolerant operation and seamless plant integration

Trustworthy Method for Person Identification in IIoT Environments by Means of Facial Dynamics

A Blockchain-Enabled Trustless Crowd-Intelligence Ecosystem on Mobile Edge Computing

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