End-to-End Routing for Dual-Radio Sensor Networks

Abstract

Abstract-Dual-radio, dual-processor nodes are an emerging class of Wireless Sensor Network devices that provide both lowenergy operation as well as substantially increased computational performance and communication bandwidth for applications. In such systems, the secondary radio and processor operates with sufficiently low power that it may remain always vigilant, while the the main processor and primary, high-bandwidth radio remain off until triggered by the application. By exploiting the high energy efficiency of the main processor and primary radio along with proper usage, net operating energy benefits are enabled for applications. The secondary radio provides a constantly available multi-hop network, while paths in the primary network exist only when required. This paper describes a topology control mechanism for establishing an end-to-end path in a network of dual-radio nodes using the secondary radios as a control channel to selectively wake up nodes along the required end-to-end path. Using numerical models as well as testbed experimentation, we show that our proposed mechanism provides significant energy savings of more than 60% compared to alternative approaches, and that it incurs only moderately greater application latency.

An adaptive link layer for heterogeneous multi-radio mobile sensor networks

“…This has primarily involved a separation of control tasks such as neighbor discovery or neighbor wakeup from data transmission. Such a separation has been achieved by pairing 802.11 with the CC2420 [12] or the CC1000 [10], [15], [23], 802.11 with a custom radio for Wake-On-Wireless [22], [18], and 802.11 with an XTend [26] radio [2] for the UMassDieselNet DTN [4]. While such static allocation of roles to radios offers useful benefits, it does not fully utilize the potential of multiradio systems.…”

An Adaptive Link Layer for Range Diversity in Multi-Radio Mobile Sensor Networks

“…This has primarily involved a separation of control tasks such as neighbor discovery or neighbor wakeup from data transmission. Such a separation has been achieved by pairing 802.11 with the CC2420 [10] or the CC1000 [9], [13], [18], 802.11 with a custom radio for Wake-On-Wireless [17], and 802.11 with an XTend [21] radio [2] for the UMassDieselNet DTN [4]. While such static allocation of roles to radios offers useful benefits, it does not fully utilize the potential of multi-radio systems.…”

Power aware communication in wireless pervasive smart camera networks

“…In [6] Stathopoulos et al use a dual-radio platform to implement a system that selectively enables high-bandwidth radios to form end-to-end communication paths. The low-bandwidth network is used to control the high-bandwidth network.…”

“…the frequency at which images are processed). This fact is modeled by the event frequency f e at which the event data d e is produced resulting in an updated radio activity time t act2 shown in equation 6. It now has to be ensured that f e * d e * h e ≤ BW C avail .…”