Ending hide and seek at sea

McCauley, Douglas J.; Woods, Paul; Sullivan, Brian J.; Bergman, Bjorn; Jablonicky, Caroline; Roan, Aaron; Hirshfield, Michael F.; Boerder, Kristina; Worm, Boris

doi:10.1126/science.aad5686

Cited by 189 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This makes proper surveillance and enforcement to prevent or reduce poaching to a minimum are essential in any marine reserve (Davis et al, 2004;McCauley et al, 2016). Enforcement constitutes one of the main costs in the maintenance of an MPA, something that is especially evident in MPAs far from land and in the case of recently proposed and declared megaparks of more than 250,000 km 2 for which the development and use of relatively expensive next-generation enforcement, such as satellite and drone based patrols will be necessary (McCauley, 2014;Arias et al, 2016;McCauley et al, 2016).…”

Section: Meta-analyses Performed On 58 Datasets From 19 Southernmentioning

confidence: 99%

North East Atlantic vs. Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tool

2017

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The effectiveness of management initiatives implemented in the context of the European Common Fisheries Policy has been questioned, especially with regard to the Mediterranean. Some of the analyses made to compare the fishing activity and management measures carried out in the North East Atlantic and in the Mediterranean do not take into account some of the differentiating peculiarities of each of these regions. At the same time, they resort to traditional fisheries management measures and do not discuss the role of marine protected areas as a complementary management tool. In this respect, the apparent failure of marine protected areas in the North-East Atlantic compared with the same in the Mediterranean is challenging European fishery scientists. Application of the classical holistic view of ecological succession to the functioning of fishery closures and no-use areas highlights the importance of combining both management regimes to fully satisfy both fishery-and biodiversity-oriented goals. We advocate that an optimal management strategy for designing an MPA to protect biodiversity and sustain fishing yields consists of combining a network of no-use areas (close to their mature state) with fish boxes (buffer zones maintained by fishing disturbance in a relatively early successional stage, where productivity is higher), under a multi-zoning scheme. In this framework, the importance of no-use areas for fisheries is based on several observations: (1) They preserve biological diversity at regional scale, at all levels-specific, habitat/seascape, and also genetic diversity and the structure of populations, allowing natural selection to operate. (2) They permit the natural variability of the system to be differentiated from the effects of regulation and to be integrated in appropriate sampling schemes as controls. (3) They maintain the natural size and age structure of the populations, hence maximizing potential fecundity, allowing biomass export to occur from core to regulated areas, dampening the fluctuations derived from deviations from the theoretical optimal effort in the fishing zone.

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Section: Meta-analyses Performed On 58 Datasets From 19 Southernmentioning

confidence: 99%

North East Atlantic vs. Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tool

2017

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“…Yet, there is a very real danger that these LSMPAs will simply be "paper parks" due to lack of resources or capacity to take management actions, monitor or enforce regulations [3,22]. While recent years have seen significant advances and enthusiasm about the potential for technology to aid with monitoring -including drones and satellite data-the will and ability to subsequently enforce restrictions is hampered by costs, operational limitations, policy loopholes, and pressure from the fishing and mining industries [23,24]. Second, Gruby et al [10] identify a number of important political and governance considerations, including questions about which groups (e.g., NGOs, philanthropic organizations, the private sector, foreign states, national governments, political elites, local people) and what underlying interests (e.g., conservation, fisheries, geopolitics, sovereignty) are driving the process of creating and managing LSMPAs [3,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why people matter in ocean governance: Incorporating human dimensions into large-scale marine protected areas

Christie¹,

Bennett²,

Gray³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Large-scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs) are rapidly increasing. Due to their sheer size, complex sociopolitical realities, and distinct local cultural perspectives and economic needs, implementing and managing LSMPAs successfully creates a number of human dimensions challenges. It is timely and important to explore the human dimensions of LSMPAs. This paper draws on the results of a global "Think Tank on the Human Dimensions of Large Scale Marine Protected Areas" involving 125 people from 17 countries, including representatives from government agencies, non-governmental organizations, academia, professionals, industry, cultural/indigenous leaders and LSMPA site managers. The overarching goal of this effort was to be proactive in understanding the issues and developing best management practices and a research agenda that address the human dimensions of LSMPAs. Identified best management practices for the human dimensions of LSMPAs included: integration of culture and traditions, effective public and stakeholder engagement, maintenance of livelihoods and wellbeing, promotion of economic sustainability, conflict management and resolution, transparency and matching institutions, legitimate and appropriate governance, and social justice and empowerment. A shared human dimensions research agenda was developed that included priority topics under the themes of scoping human dimensions, governance, politics, social and economic outcomes, and culture and tradition. The authors discuss future directions in researching and incorporating human dimensions into LSMPAs design and management, reflect on this global effort to co-produce knowledge and re-orient practice on the human dimensions of LSMPAs, and invite others to join a nascent community of practice on the human dimensions of large-scale marine conservation.

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“…For example, the Automatic Identification System publicly transmits a ship's identity and position in real time to avoid collisions at sea 7 . But not all ships are equipped, and the system is prone to human error.…”

Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four routes to better maritime governance

Wan

Chen²,

Makhloufi

et al. 2016

Nature

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SUSTAINABILITY Current food metrics are reductive and distorting p.33 DEVELOPMENT A research agenda for shifting the food system towards nutrition p.30 S ea freight carries more than 90% of global trade -and thousands of unwelcome passengers. The ballast water that stabilizes marine vessels is the greatest source of harmful bacteria and invasive species in aquatic ecosystems. About 10 billion tonnes of ballast are transported globally each year, with 7,000 species carried onboard every day 1 . This is damaging marine biodiversity and public health. For example, the imported Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is endangering native European and North American crayfish and salmon. Transported algae can seed blooms that smother or poison aquatic life, contaminate seafood and foul drinking water 2 . As the world's shipping lanes expand into a warmer Arctic, invasive species will spread to waters that were previously unreachable 3 . Managing ballast discharge requires worldwide legislation and enforcement. International shipping traverses the high seas, where there is no local jurisdiction. A vessel registered in one country can operate thousands of kilometres away.Global action has been slow. The 8 September accession of Finland to the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments ended a 27-year slog to bring the treaty into force Hong Kong offers subsidies and reduced berthing fees for ships that switch to low-sulfur fuel in its harbour. Four routes to better maritime governanceChallenges in preventing pollution from ballast water highlight reforms needed in global shipping regulation, write Zheng Wan and colleagues. COMMENT © 2 0 1 6 M a c m i l l a n P u b l i s h e r s L i m i t e d , p a r t o f S p r i n g e r N a t u r e . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .

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Ending hide and seek at sea

Abstract: New technologies could revolutionize ocean observation

Cited by 189 publications

References 8 publications

North East Atlantic vs. Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tool

North East Atlantic vs. Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tool

Why people matter in ocean governance: Incorporating human dimensions into large-scale marine protected areas

Four routes to better maritime governance

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