Endocannabinoids

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20825-1

Cited by 32 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 916 publications

(1,514 reference statements)

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“…and also have anticancer, antiemetic, antiglaucoma and psychotic properties [12,22]. Experimental studies have shown that activation of cannabinoid receptors, triggered by cannabinoids, results in antitumourgenic activity in most cases that specifically inhibits tumour cell proliferation and/or blocks tumour invasion/metastasis [23][24][25][26]. In addition, cannabinoids are capable of inducing cell apoptosis [22].…”

Section: Therapeutic Uses Of Cannabis Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis sativa: From Therapeutic Uses to Micropropagation and Beyond

Adams

Malatsi

Makunga

2021

Plants

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The development of a protocol for the large-scale production of Cannabis and its variants with little to no somaclonal variation or disease for pharmaceutical and for other industrial use has been an emerging area of research. A limited number of protocols have been developed around the world, obtained through a detailed literature search using web-based database searches, e.g., Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar. This article reviews the advances made in relation to Cannabis tissue culture and micropropagation, such as explant choice and decontamination of explants, direct and indirect organogenesis, rooting, acclimatisation and a few aspects of genetic engineering. Since Cannabis micropropagation systems are fairly new fields, combinations of plant growth regulator experiments are needed to gain insight into the development of direct and indirect organogenesis protocols that are able to undergo the acclimation stage and maintain healthy plants desirable to the Cannabis industry. A post-culture analysis of Cannabis phytochemistry after the acclimatisation stage is lacking in a majority of the reviewed studies, and for in vitro propagation protocols to be accepted by the pharmaceutical industries, phytochemical and possibly pharmacological research need to be undertaken in order to ascertain the integrity of the generated plant material. It is rather difficult to obtain industrially acceptable micropropagation regimes as recalcitrance to the regeneration of in vitro cultured plants remains a major concern and this impedes progress in the application of genetic modification technologies and gene editing tools to be used routinely for the improvement of Cannabis genotypes that are used in various industries globally. In the future, with more reliable plant tissue culture-based propagation that generates true-to-type plants that have known genetic and metabolomic integrity, the use of genetic engineering systems including “omics” technologies such as next-generation sequencing and fast-evolving gene editing tools could be implemented to speed up the identification of novel genes and mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of Cannabis phytochemicals for large-scale production.

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Section: Therapeutic Uses Of Cannabis Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis sativa: From Therapeutic Uses to Micropropagation and Beyond

Adams

Malatsi

Makunga

2021

Plants

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“…Given the emerging knowledge achieved throughout the history of Cannabis use, together with the evolving hypotheses of the overall role of cannabinoid (CB) circuitry in the human body, the ECS is now addressed as a rich matrix of receptors, ligands, and associated molecules involved in many physiological and pathological conditions. [48][49][50][51][52] The ECS recruits a mechanism of intercellular communications that would execute modulatory actions in brain and peripheral systems; examples of physiological actions in which CB signaling might be associated include mood regulation (depression and anxiety), 53 control of intestinal motility, 52 urinary tract physiology, 54 vasorelaxation of healthy vasculature, 55 interference of the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and probably other immune functional activities as well as the maintenance of the immune homeostatic balance. 56 In addition, the role of CB signaling has been associated with crucial functions throughout the CNS development (both prenatal and postnatal), 50 which might play a relevant role under pathological contexts.…”

Section: -47mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…49 On the other hand, CB2 subtype is highly expressed in the overall immune system, with great density in B lymphocytes, but quantitatively decreasing in natural killer cells, microglia, and T lymphocytes. 56 Given such diverse distribution, the role of CB1 receptors is mainly associated with pain, inflammation, and many other responses, while CB2 receptors might have the potential as immunomodulators in various immune processes. As expected, these receptors possess an overall fixed structure of an extracellular N-terminus domain, 7 transmembrane a-helixes, and an intracellular C-terminus domain.…”

Section: -47mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Therapeutic Targets of the Endocannabinoid System in Common Neurodegenerative Disorders and Organic Acidemias

Aguilera

Santamarı́a

2017

Journal of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Screening

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The cannabinoid chemistry is currently being addressed in preclinical approaches as a viable therapeutic alternative for the management of a wide range of signs, symptoms, and some biochemical hallmarks of many neurological pathologies (such as neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration). This clinical orientation is grounded on the consistent promissory profile that cannabinoid compounds have shown, and the great necessity of feasible options to undergo such disorders. Even though at early research stages, metabolic disorders are starting to rise as potential targets of cannabinoid alternatives; approaches in this term could, in turn, aim to modulate the endocannabinoid response for therapeutic purposes. This review recalls the pathologic scenarios endured in the course of neurological diseases of high occurrence and the most typical metabolic disorders, while discussing the neuroprotective mechanisms of cannabinoid agonists in the central nervous system, and the potential targets of the endocannabinoid system and metabolic disorders.

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