Endocarditis por Lactococcus garvieae en un paciente sometido a hemodialisis crónica. Primer caso reportado en Chile y revisión de la literatura

Clavero, René; Escobar, Javier Salmerón; Ramos-Avasola, Sergio; Merello, Lorenzo; Espín, Francisco

doi:10.4067/s0716-10182017000400397

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The ingestion of raw sea food or exposure to fish, the presence of colonic polyps and the repeated exposure to dairy products have been postulated to be risk factors for infection by L. garvieae [7]. Less than half of patients with IE caused by L. garvieae reported ingestion of fish (including raw or cooked) [7, 15, 19, 23, 24, 26–28, 30] or were diagnosed with a concomitant GI disorder [10, 13, 19–21, 24, 28–30]. Our patient reported both conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactococcus garvieae, an unusual pathogen in infective endocarditis: case report and review of the literature

et al. 2019

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Background Lactococcus garvieae is an unusual cause of infective endocarditis (IE). No current diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines are available to treat IE caused by these organisms. Based on a case report, we provide a review of the literature of IE caused by L. garvieae and highlight diagnostic and treatment challenges of these infections and implications for management. Case presentation A 50-year-old Asian male with mitral prosthetic valve presented to the hospital with intracranial haemorrhage, which was successfully treated. Three weeks later, he complained of generalized malaise. Further work up revealed blood cultures positive for Gram-positive cocci identified as L. garvieae by MALDI-TOF. An echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of IE. Susceptibility testing showed resistance only to clindamycin. Vancomycin plus gentamicin were started as empirical therapy and, subsequently, the combination of ceftriaxone plus gentamicin was used after susceptibility studies were available. After two weeks of combination therapy, ceftriaxone was continued as monotherapy for six additional weeks with good outcome. Conclusions Twenty-five cases of IE by Lactococcus garvieae have been reported in the literature. Compared to other Gram-positive cocci, L. garvieae affects more frequently patients with prosthetic valves. IE presents in a subacute manner and the case fatality rate can be as high as 16%, comparable to that of streptococcal IE (15.7%). Reliable methods for identification of L. garvieae include MALDI-TOF, 16S RNA PCR, API 32 strep kit and BD Automated Phoenix System. Recommended antimicrobials for L. garvieae IE are ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone or vancomycin in monotherapy or in combination with gentamicin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactococcus garvieae, an unusual pathogen in infective endocarditis: case report and review of the literature

et al. 2019

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“…Abbreviations: NAV, native aortic valve; VAN, vancomycin; NMV, native mitral valve; AMX, amoxicillin; GEN, gentamicin; GD, gastrointestinal disorder; PMV, prosthetic mitral valve; RF, raw fish; AMP, ampicillin; CTX, ceftriaxone; CLX, cloxacillin; PAV, prosthetic aortic valve; PEN, penicillin; TOB, tobramycin; Pip/Taz, piperacillin/tazobactam; RI, rifampicin; TEI, teicoplanin; PTV, prosthetic tricuspid valve; LEV, levofloxacin. 1,6,8,12,13,17,18,21,22,25-39 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these 25 cases, 5 patients (19.2%) died due to multi-organ failure, heart failure, or cerebral hemorrhage. 18,25,27,28,39…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactococcus garvieae Endocarditis in a Prosthetic Aortic Valve: A Case Report and Literature Review

Rösch

Buschmann

Brendel

et al. 2019

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports

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Background. Lactococcus garvieae (LG) is a gram-positive coccus known to be a major pathogen in aqua farming, which is responsible for severe outbreaks. Its incidence in humans is extremely rare. Prior to 1985, all bacteria in the genus Lactococcus were included in the Streptococcus genus. The first human infection was documented in 1991, and since then, the relevance and clinical significance in humans has increased. Case Description. We present the clinical course of an LG endocarditis in a 78-year-old man who had a history of exertional dyspnea. The patient’s blood tests showed increased inflammation values, and a transesophageal ultrasound (TEE) showed a stenosis of the prosthetic aortic valve. Blood cultures were positive for LG, leading to a diagnosis of infective endocarditis. After 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and a prosthetic aortic valve replacement, the patient made a good recovery. Review of the Literature. After the first documented case in 1991 to 2018, 25 cases of LG endocarditis have been described in PubMed and MEDLINE. We reviewed all reported cases of LG endocarditis, commenting on predisposing risk factors, the course and outcome of the disease. Conclusion. LG endocarditis is a rare disease. Consumption of raw fish, abnormalities of the digestive tract, immune deficiency, and underlying cardiac conditions appear to be risk factors for an infective endocarditis due to LG. Improved determination techniques are likely to lead to a better and faster identification of the bacterium. This identification allows a faster and individualized therapy, which in turn affects the outcome.

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“…The affected humans show endocarditis, bacteremia, hip prosthetic infection, cholecystitis, meningitis, urinary infection, espondilodiscitis, osteomyelitis, liver abscess, peritonitis, or bacterioascites [63,[65][66][67]. In the case of human infective endocarditis, up to 2019, more than twenty-five cases of L. garvieae as the cause of infective endocarditis have been reported in the literature and compared to other Gram-positive cocci, L. garvieae affects more frequently patients (16%) with prosthetic valves compared to infective endocarditis (15.7%) caused by streptococcal members [67][68][69][70][71]. In a recent study by Malek et al [71], infection by L. garvieae has been reported as an unusual cause of infective endocarditis in a 50-year-old male with mitral prosthetic valve and intracranial haemorrhage that was successfully treated using a combination of lindamycin, ancomycin, gentamicin, and ceftriaxone.…”

Section: Garvieae As Zoonotic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Lactococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Disease Significant and Phytotherapy

Soltani

Baldisserotto

Shekarabi

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Lactococcosis, particularly that caused by Lactococcus garvieae, is a major re-emerging bacterial disease seriously affecting the sustainability of aquaculture industry. Medicinal herbs and plants do not have very much in vitro antagonism and in vivo disease resistance towards lactococcosis agents in aquaculture. Most in vitro studies with herbal extractives were performed against L. garvieae with no strong antibacterial activity, but essential oils, especially those that contain thymol or carvacrol, are more effective. The differences exhibited by the bacteriostatic and bactericidal functions for a specific extractive in different studies could be due to different bacterial strains or parts of chemotypes of the same plant. Despite essential oils being shown to have the best anti-L. garvieae activity in in vitro assays, the in vivo bioassays required further study. The extracts tested under in vivo conditions presented moderate efficacy, causing a decrease in mortality in infected animals, probably because they improved immune parameters before challenging tests. This review addressed the efficacy of medicinal herbs to lactococcosis and discussed the presented gaps.

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Endocarditis por Lactococcus garvieae en un paciente sometido a hemodialisis crónica. Primer caso reportado en Chile y revisión de la literatura

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Lactococcus garvieae, an unusual pathogen in infective endocarditis: case report and review of the literature

Lactococcus garvieae, an unusual pathogen in infective endocarditis: case report and review of the literature

Lactococcus garvieae Endocarditis in a Prosthetic Aortic Valve: A Case Report and Literature Review

Lactococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Disease Significant and Phytotherapy

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