Endocrine and metabolic effects of Trp-enriched diets for attenuation of chronic stress in the Senegal soles (Solea senegalensis)

Salamanca, N.; Morales, E.; Ruiz-Azcona, P.; Herrera, Marcelino

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735173

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…One of the most important pathways of tryptophan is its conversion to serotonin, a neurotransmitter, and melatonin, an antioxidant [ 70 ]. In another type of study, Salamanca, et al [ 80 ] analyzed the long-term effect of tryptophan on stress and metabolism of Senegalese sole and concluded that light stress can be attenuated by tryptophan supplementation on feed. Despite the amino acids already mentioned and tested on fish sperm quality, arginine, glutamine, leucine, and proline are examples of functional amino acids that play important roles in key metabolic pathways, such as growth, immunity and reproduction [ 54 ], which could be explored as antioxidative protectors.…”

Section: Fish Sperm Antioxidant System and Supplementation: Classimentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants in Fish Sperm and the Potential Role of Melatonin

2020

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In recent years, the effects of novel antioxidants have played an important role in the research focusing on fish cell protection. As food demand grows, aquaculture production becomes more intensive, and fish are more exposed to oxidative stress conditions, like high densities, temperature shifting, frequent fish handling and samplings, and prophylactic or disease treatments, which expose fish to a different environment. Particularly in reproduction, germ cells lose antioxidant capacity with spermatogenesis, as spermatozoa are more prone to oxidative stress. Antioxidants have been used in a variety of fish physiological problems including in reproduction and in the establishment of cryopreservation protocols. From the most used antioxidants to natural plant food and herbs, and endogenously produced antioxidants, like melatonin, a review of the literature available in terms of their effects on the protection of fish spermatozoa is presented here in a classified structure. Several direct and indirect approaches to improve gamete quality using antioxidants administration are mentioned (through feed supplementation or by adding in cryopreservation media), as well as factors affecting the efficiency of these molecules and their mechanisms of action. Special attention is given to the unclear melatonin pathway and its potential scavenger activity to prevent and counteract oxidative stress damage on fish spermatozoa.

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Section: Fish Sperm Antioxidant System and Supplementation: Classimentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants in Fish Sperm and the Potential Role of Melatonin

2020

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“…The stress response in fish has been studied depending on numerous stressors such as salinity, transport, stocking density, temperature or air exposure [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Additionally, the attenuation of acute stress in fish using anesthetics, essential oils or feed additives has been extensively studied [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylalanine and Tyrosine as Feed Additives for Reducing Stress and Enhancing Welfare in Gilthead Seabream and Meagre

Salamanca

Giráldez

Morales

et al. 2020

Animals

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Increased aquaculture production is associated with a growing interest in improving fish welfare. For this reason, the search for strategies to mitigate stress has intensified, one of these strategies being food supplementation with amino acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary phenylalanine (Phe) and Tyrosine (Tyr) on the stress response and metabolism of juvenile gilthead seabreams (Sparus aurata) and meagres (Argyrosomus regius). Fish batches were fed a control diet and two diets supplemented with 5% Phe or Tyr for seven days. At the end of the experiment fish were stressed by air exposure for 3 min and then sacrificed for the extraction of blood and brain. Classical plasma stress markers were analyzed (glucose, lactate, proteins, cortisol), as well as hormones derived from those amino acids (adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine). Despite interspecific differences, fish fed the diets supplemented with Phe or Tyr showed a reduction on several stress markers. However, interspecific differences were detected for many indicators. Concretely, hormonal stress markers were significantly attenuated in meagres fed the enriched diets. Moreover, the stress condition favored a mobilization of amino acids towards the brain, especially in supplemented diets, hence this amino acid excess could be used as an energy substrate to cope with stress.

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“…Regarding stress, most studies in the literature only investigated the short‐term effects (7–15 days) of TRP on stress in fish, and the studies which showed the effects of the long‐term administration of TRP were restricted to a chronic stress exposure (Akhtar et al., 2013; Herrera et al., 2020; Hoseini, Taheri Mirghaed, & Ghelichpour, 2020; Hoseini, Yousefi, et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2014; Salamanca et al., 2020; Tejpal et al., 2009, 2014). In this study, for the first time, we showed the effects of long‐term administration of TRP on exposure to acute stress which, when supplemented with the 8x dosage, was able to reduce stress levels in fish before and after being exposed to acute stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For rainbow trout, a 28 day TRP supplemented diet reduced stress in fish less than the 7 day diet (Lepage et al., 2003). However, for other species, the administration of TRP for at least 30 days decreased stress levels (Akhtar et al., 2013; Herrera et al., 2020; Hoseini, Taheri Mirghaed, & Ghelichpour, 2020; Hoseini, Yousefi, et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2014; Morandini et al., 2015; Salamanca et al., 2020; Tejpal et al., 2009, 2014; Wen et al., 2014). Regarding Nile tilapia, there is no data assessing the effects of long‐term exposure to TRP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of tryptophan supplementation on stress and aggression in Nile tilapia

et al. 2021

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Nile tilapia farmers must deal with production challenges, such as increased aggressiveness and high stress levels, which potentially diminishes fish welfare. Tryptophan supplementation is a strategy to cope with such problems. However, data is scarce on how tryptophan affects the aggressiveness of this species and other aspects need to be understood on how it influences stress in fish. In this study, we investigate how a 1× (0.32%), 4×(1.28%) and 8× (2.56%) supplemented tryptophan diet affects aggressiveness and stress in Nile tilapia. Aggressiveness in fish was assessed after short-term exposure (7 days) to a tryptophan supplemented diet while stress in fish was assessed after long-term exposure (60 days). The 4x and 8x diets reduced aggressiveness in fish, while the 8x diet reduced aggressiveness more effectively than the 4x diet. Also, long-term exposure to the 8x diet reduced stress in fish, before and after they were exposed to an acute stress. In conclusion, this study showed that a tryptophan supplemented diet can diminish aggressiveness and stress in Nile tilapia, thus demonstrating a potential to improve fish welfare.

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Endocrine and metabolic effects of Trp-enriched diets for attenuation of chronic stress in the Senegal soles (Solea senegalensis)

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

Antioxidants in Fish Sperm and the Potential Role of Melatonin

Antioxidants in Fish Sperm and the Potential Role of Melatonin

Phenylalanine and Tyrosine as Feed Additives for Reducing Stress and Enhancing Welfare in Gilthead Seabream and Meagre

The effects of tryptophan supplementation on stress and aggression in Nile tilapia

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