The effects of tryptophan supplementation on stress and aggression in Nile tilapia

Vieira, Bruna Renata Meletti; Guermandi, Isabela Inforzato; Bellot, Marina; Camargo-dos-Santos, Bruno; Favero‐Neto, João; Giaquinto, Percília Cardoso

doi:10.1111/jai.14186

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The authors suggested it is necessary to validate the methodology for each species before using mirror 67 . In this context, several studies with Nile tilapia used the mirror test and showed plausible results for comparing intraindividual aggression 7 , 63 , 69 – 71 . Therefore, although limitations on the method exist, we consider that our results are plausible and present evidence that CBD can decrease Nile tilapia’s aggressive behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) (Linnaeus, 1857) is an African cichlid reared worldwide for farming and research purposes 7 . Nile tilapia production has been growing exponentially in the last few years, and the species has become the third most farmed fish in the world, with global production reaching approximately 4407.2 tons in 2020 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A way to counteract the negative effects of the rearing environment in fish is by using chemical substances known to reduce stress and stimulate indicators of good welfare. For example, the amino acid tryptophan mixed in the food reduces aggressive behavior and stress in Nile tilapia 7 and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss 22 , 23 . Vitamin E, when added to food, reduces the stress on rainbow trout 24 and pacu 25 ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ) submitted to high densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabidiol improves Nile tilapia cichlid fish welfare

Camargo-dos-Santos

Bellot²,

Guermandi³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Cannabidiol (CBD) is a substance derived from Cannabis sativa, widely studied in medicine for controlling neural diseases in humans. Besides the positive effects on humans, it also presents anxiolytic proprieties and decreases aggressiveness and stress in mammals. Therefore, CBD has the potential to increase welfare in reared animals, as it seems to reduce negative states commonly experienced in artificial environments. Here, we tested the effect of different CBD doses (0, 1, 10 and 20 mg/kg) on aggressiveness, stress and reproductive development of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) a fish reared worldwide for farming and research purposes. CBD mixed with fish food was offered to isolated fish for 5 weeks. The 10 mg/kg dose decreased fish’s aggressiveness over time, whereas 20 mg/kg attenuated non-social stress. Both doses decreased the baseline cortisol level of fish and increased the gonadosomatic index. However, CBD 1 and 10 mg/kg doses decreased the spermatozoa number. No CBD dose affected feeding ingestion and growth variables, showing that it is not harmful to meat production amount. Despite the effect on spermatozoa, CBD supplementation exhibits high potential to benefit animals’ lives in artificial environments. Therefore, we showed for the first time that CBD could be used as a tool to increase non-mammal welfare, presenting a great potential to be explored in other husbandry and captivity species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabidiol improves Nile tilapia cichlid fish welfare

Camargo-dos-Santos

Bellot²,

Guermandi³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…In non-mutualistic species, serotonin also decreases aggressive interactions [40][41][42] . Nile tilapia males that were fed a diet enriched with tryptophan (a serotonin precursor) also showed decreased aggression 43 . Further, as serotonin pathways in fish and mammals are similar 29,44 , this system could be associated with the reduced aggression observed during TS in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term body tactile stimulation reduces aggression and improves productive performance in Nile tilapia groups

Gauy

Bolognesi

Gonçalves-de-Freitas

2022

Sci Rep

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One concern of the Anthropocene is the effects of human activities on animal welfare, revealing the urgency to mitigate impacts of rearing environments. Body tactile stimulation (TS), like massage therapy, has emerged as an enrichment method to counteract stress and anxiety in vertebrates. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of long-term TS on four-member groups of male Nile tilapia, a worldwide reared species whose socially aggressive behavior is an essential source of stress. We placed a rectangular PVC frame fitted with vertical plastic sticks sided with silicone bristles in the center of aquarium to enable the fish to receive body TS when passing through the bristles. A similar apparatus without bristles was used as the control. Fish subjected to TS for 21 days showed a gradual lowering of overt fights over time, but with no reduction in cortisol or androgen levels. Nevertheless, TS improved the specific growth rate, maintained balanced length/weight gain, and increased feed efficiency, probably owing to the lowered energy expenditure during fights. Thus, we show for the first time that long-term TS provided by a simple device can be used as a tool to improve the welfare and productive performance of territorial fish.

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“…Tryptophan was a precursor for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptpamine, 5-TH), which plays an important role in stress mitigation [7]. In addition, some previous studies reported that tryptophan had a suppressive effect on aggressive behavior and cannibalism of some fish species through the 5-HT pathway [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Reducing intraspecific aggression and cannibalism was very important in fish rearing because it was associated with survival rate [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Cannibalism, and 5-TH Metabolism in Pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus ♀ × Takifugu rubripes): The Role of Graded Levels of Dietary Tryptophan

Wei,

Cui,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Nutrition

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The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effect of graded levels of tryptophan on the growth, cannibalism, and 5-hydroxytryptpamine (5-TH) metabolism in pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus ♀ × Takifugu rubripes ♂). A 63-day feeding trial was performed wherein pufferfish were fed four diets. Three experimental diets were formulated with various levels of tryptophan based on the control diet. Four diets were named as T1, T2, T3, and T4, corresponding to 4.30, 7.80, 14.90, and 23.70 g kg−1 tryptophan of dry diet. Final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were similar between the T1 and T4 groups, but exhibited a significantly increased trend compared to the T2 group. Although survival rate was not affected by various levels of dietary tryptophan, intraspecific cannibalism was significantly reduced in the group fed with highest level of tryptophan (T4). For free amino acid in brain, the concentration of tryptophan was the highest in the T3 group and the lowest in the T2 group, while phenylalanine, tyrosine, and methionine showed an opposite trend between those two groups. The levels of dietary tryptophan not only affected the expression of aromatic amino acid transporter TAT1, but also affected the expression of B0AT1, B0AT2, and 4F2hc in intestine, as well as B0AT1, y+LAT1, and LAT2 in brain. The activity of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in serum increased with the increase of dietary tryptophan, and the expression of TPH1 in brain upregulated in the excessive tryptophan groups (T2, T3, and T4). MAO activity in serum as well as its gene expression in brain and intestine showed a decreased trend in the T4 group. In conclusion, excessive tryptophan (23.70 g kg−1 of dry diet, corresponding to 50.3 g kg−1 of dietary protein) in feed could mitigate cannibalistic behavior of pufferfish and promote the growth, and the reason for this effect might affect the metabolism of 5-TH in vivo.

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The effects of tryptophan supplementation on stress and aggression in Nile tilapia

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Cannabidiol improves Nile tilapia cichlid fish welfare

Cannabidiol improves Nile tilapia cichlid fish welfare

Long-term body tactile stimulation reduces aggression and improves productive performance in Nile tilapia groups

Growth, Cannibalism, and 5-TH Metabolism in Pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus ♀ × Takifugu rubripes): The Role of Graded Levels of Dietary Tryptophan

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