Endocrine Disrupting Nonylphenols Are Ubiquitous in Food

Guenther, Klaus; Heinke,; Thiele, Bjoern; Kleist, E.; Prast, Hartmut; Raecker, Torsten

doi:10.1021/es010199v

Cited by 370 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

200

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Single star p<0.05, double star p<0.01, and triple stars p<0.001 as determined by MannWhitney test might be residual detergents and disinfectants used for cleaning the filling system. Guenther et al (2002) detected estrogenic nonylphenols in a broad range of foodstuff and concluded that part of it might originate from nonionic surfactants used in cleaning agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Wagner

Oehlmann

2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

294

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background, aim, and scope Food consumption is an important route of human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. So far, this has been demonstrated by exposure modeling or analytical identification of single substances in foodstuff (e.g., phthalates) and human body fluids (e.g., urine and blood). Since the research in this field is focused on few chemicals (and thus missing mixture effects), the overall contamination of edibles with xenohormones is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the integrated estrogenic burden of bottled mineral water as model foodstuff and to characterize the potential sources of the estrogenic contamination. Materials, methods, and results In the present study, we analyzed commercially available mineral water in an in vitro system with the human estrogen receptor alpha and detected estrogenic contamination in 60% of all samples with a maximum activity equivalent to 75.2 ng/l of the natural sex hormone 17β-estradiol. Furthermore, breeding of the molluskan model Potamopyrgus antipodarum in water bottles made of glass and plastic [polyethylene terephthalate (PET)] resulted in an increased reproductive output of snails cultured in PET bottles. This provides first evidence that substances leaching from plastic food packaging materials act as functional estrogens in vivo.Discussion and conclusions Our results demonstrate a widespread contamination of mineral water with xenoestrogens that partly originates from compounds leaching from the plastic packaging material. These substances possess potent estrogenic activity in vivo in a molluskan sentinel. Overall, the results indicate that a broader range of foodstuff may be contaminated with endocrine disruptors when packed in plastics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contamination of foodstuff by production-related compounds has been documented analytically. Nonylphenols, as degradation products of commercial and industrial surfactants, for example, are identified ubiquitously in a broad variety of nourishments (Guenther et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Wagner

Oehlmann

2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

294

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…detergents and emulsifiers (Thiele et al, 1997;Staples et al, 1999;Guenther et al, 2002). Industrially produced nonylphenol contains about 90% of 4-nonylphenol, which consists of a mixture of branched-chain (C 9 ) isomers (Wheeler et al, 1997;Nakagawa et al, 2004;Ruß et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of 4-n-Nonylphenol by Non-modified and CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-Transgenic Cell Cultures of Tobacco

Berger

Russ

Schuphan

et al. 2005

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The metabolism of 14 C-4-n-nonylphenol ( 14 C-4-n-NP), as a model for the xenoestrogen nonylphenol, was investigated in three types of tobacco cell suspension cultures: one genetically non-modified culture (NT) and two cultures constitutively expressing human cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 or CYP1A2. With 1 mg l Ð1 of 14 C-4-n-NP and 24 h of incubation, the xenobiotic was transformed almost completely to glycosides. After glycosidic cleavage, 14 C-4-n-NP and several primary metabolites of 14 C-4-n-NP were liberated. Portions of the primary metabolites were 29.3% (NT culture), 34.3% (CYP1A1 culture), and 50.7% of applied 14 C (CYP1A2 culture). Thus, the endogenous capacity of the tobacco cells to form primary metabolites of 4-n-NP was noticeably higher than that of CYP1A1 or CYP1A2. The results however clearly suggest that 4-n-NP is Ð even though a poor Ð substrate of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. In order to examine metabolic profiles of 4-n-NP in the NT, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 cultures, the suspensions were exposed to 10 mg l Ð1 of 14 C-4-n-NP using a two-liquid-phase system with carrier n-hexadecane and 192 h of incubation. Results obtained resembled those of the low concentration study. The oxidative metabolic profiles determined after hydrolytic cleavage using GC-EIMS were similar in the NT, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 cultures. Main metabolites were side-chain mono-hydroxylated derivatives of 4-n-NP with 6Ј-, 7Ј-and 8Ј-OH-4-n-NP as prominent metabolites. In addition, olefinic side-chain hydroxy, ring methoxylated, keto and ring hydroxylated derivatives were observed. The lack of differences in metabolic profiles among the CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and NT cultures was referred to the low enzymatic activity of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 as compared to the higher endogenous oxidative capacity of tobacco, as well as to similar metabolic profiles of 4-n-NP produced by CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 and tobacco itself.

show abstract

“…Isotope dilution standards (IDS) including 13 C12-BPA (ring-13 C12, 99%), and 13 C6-4-n-NP (ring-13 C6, 99%) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. (Andover, MA). Standards were individually dissolved in acetonitrile at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 mg L −1 .…”

Section: Standards Reagents Chemicals and Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) are one of the most widely used classes of non-ionic surfactants, encompassing more than 80% of the world market [12]. Their biodegradation product NP has many isomers with a phenol group and a linear (4-n-NP) or branched carbon (C) chain of nine C atoms [6,13]. Widespread occurrences of BPA and NP have been reported in various contact (simulating subsurface and micro-sprinkler irrigation methods).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and distribution of bisphenol A and nonylphenol in vegetable crops irrigated with reclaimed water

Lü

Stoffella

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

h i g h l i g h t s• BPA was more uniformly distributed between roots, stems, and leaves in lettuce.• NP concentrations were highest at site of exposure for both crops.• BPA concentrations were highest at site of exposure in tomatoes only.• Estimated daily intake of BPA ranged from 8.9 to 62.9 g.• Estimated daily intake of NP ranged from 11.9 to 95.1 g. a r t i c l e i n f o t r a c tThe potential uptake and distribution of bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP) (from reclaimed irrigation water) in edible crops was investigated. BPA and NP were spiked into simulated reclaimed water at environmentally relevant concentrations. Two crops (lettuce, Lactuca sativa and tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum) were grown hydroponically in a greenhouse using the spiked irrigation water under two irrigation exposure scenarios (overhead foliar exposure and subsurface root exposure). BPA concentrations in tomato fruit were 26.6 ± 5.8 (root exposure) and 18.3 ± 3.5 (foliar exposure) g kg −1 , while concentrations in lettuce leaves were 80.6 ± 23.1 (root exposure) and 128.9 ± 17.4 (foliar exposure) g kg −1 . NP concentrations in tomato fruit were 46.1 ± 6.6 (root exposure) and 24.6 ± 6.4 (foliar exposure) g kg −1 , while concentrations in lettuce leaves were 144.1 ± 9.2 (root exposure) and 195.0 ± 16.9 (foliar exposure) g kg −1 . BPA was relatively mobile in lettuce plants regardless of exposure route. Limited mobility was observed for NP in both crops and BPA in tomatoes. The estimated daily intake of BPA and NP through consumption of vegetables irrigated with reclaimed water ranged from 8.9-62.9 to 11.9-95.1 g, respectively, depending on the exposure route.

show abstract

Endocrine Disrupting Nonylphenols Are Ubiquitous in Food

Cited by 370 publications

References 35 publications

Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles

Metabolism of 4-n-Nonylphenol by Non-modified and CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-Transgenic Cell Cultures of Tobacco

Uptake and distribution of bisphenol A and nonylphenol in vegetable crops irrigated with reclaimed water

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About