The present study aims at finding out effect of imidacloprid (IM) on the testicular activity and endocrine disruptive and its impact on fertility in male rats. Results. Administration of imidacloprid, orally (2 doses:45 and 90 mg/kg b.w) to adult male rats for 4(D1), 8 (D2) or 12 (D3) weeks caused a disorganization of the spermatogenic cells, degeneration and congested of interstitial connective tissue, degeneration of seminiferous tubule, reduction in number of cell layers per seminiferous tubules, number of seminiferous tubule sections, percentage of normal seminiferous tubules, seminiferous tubule diameter height of the germinal epithelium, Infiltration of the immune-mononuclear cells, and a decrease in weight of the body, testes, epididymis, Vas deference, Seminal vesicle and prostate, this change was significant after 4 weeks of treatment in high dose treated rats whereas it was significant after 8 weeks treatment in low dose treated rats, when compared to controls. Fertility index in female, Gestation index, weight of the litter born and number pups to rats mated with IM treated (two doses) males in D2 or D3 was lower than controls whereas Gestation period, Fertility index of mal, viability index, Sex-ratio at birth did not significantly vary from controls.