Endocrine Effects of Circadian Disruption

Bedrosian, Tracy A.; Fonken, Laura K.; Nelson, Randy J.

doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105102

Cited by 118 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…A common feature for many hormones is the robust circadian rhythm that is not only due to responsiveness to environmental or behavioral variations associated with the sleep/wake cycle but also is regulated by the anticipatory circadian clock under the normal physiological condition (Gamble et al, 2014). When the normal circadian rhythm is disrupted by irregular light or feeding schedules, the endocrine system is also altered and can contribute to the metabolic derangement in these conditions (Bedrosian et al, 2016). Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters are involved at all levels of the SCN clock functions, including receiving the upstream input from environmental entraining cues, synchronizing different neurons within the SCN, and relaying the SCN efferent information to other parts of the body (An et al, 2013; Reghunandanan and Reghunandanan, 2006).…”

Section: Hormones and Neuropeptides In Metabolic Functions Of The Cenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Circadian Clock Regulates Energy Metabolism

Ding¹,

Gong²,

Eckel‐Mahan³

et al. 2018

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Our body not only responds to environmental changes but also anticipates them. The light and dark cycle with the period of about 24 hours is a recurring environmental change that determines the diurnal variation in food availability and safety from predators in nature. As a result, the circadian clock is evolved in most animals to align locomotor behaviors and energy metabolism with the light cue. The central circadian clock in mammals is located at the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus in the brain. We here review the molecular and anatomic architecture of the central circadian clock in mammals; describe the experimental and observational evidence that suggests a critical role of the central circadian clock in shaping systemic energy metabolism; and discuss the involvement of endocrine factors, neuropeptides, and the autonomic nervous system in the metabolic functions of the central circadian clock.

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Section: Hormones and Neuropeptides In Metabolic Functions Of The Cenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Circadian Clock Regulates Energy Metabolism

Ding¹,

Gong²,

Eckel‐Mahan³

et al. 2018

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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“…Light plays a key role in regulating the behavior and physiology of mammals (Bedrosian, Fonken, & Nelson, ). Endogenous circadian clocks require the oscillation of light and dark conditions to signal for daily and seasonal adaptation (Bedrosian et al., ; Brown, ). These photic cues are received by non‐rod, non‐cone photoreceptors (non‐visual photoreceptors) which lie in the retina and communicate to the internal timekeeping system in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) (Freedman et al., ; Lockley, Brainard, & Czeisler, ; Thapan, Arendt, & Skene, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial light pollution: Shifting spectral wavelengths to mitigate physiological and health consequences in a nocturnal marsupial mammal

Dimovski

Robert

2018

J Exp Zool Pt A

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The focus of sustainable lighting tends to be on reduced CO emissions and cost savings, but not on the wider environmental effects. Ironically, the introduction of energy-efficient lighting, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), may be having a great impact on the health of wildlife. These white LEDs are generated with a high content of short-wavelength 'blue' light. While light of any kind can suppress melatonin and the physiological processes it regulates, these short wavelengths are potent suppressors of melatonin. Here, we manipulated the spectral composition of LED lights and tested their capacity to mitigate the physiological and health consequences associated with their use. We experimentally investigated the impact of white LEDs (peak wavelength 448 nm; mean irradiance 2.87 W/m ), long-wavelength shifted amber LEDs (peak wavelength 605 nm; mean irradiance 2.00 W/m ), and no lighting (irradiance from sky glow < 0.37 × 10 W/m ), on melatonin production, lipid peroxidation, and circulating antioxidant capacity in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Night-time melatonin and oxidative status were determined at baseline and again following 10 weeks exposure to light treatments. White LED exposed wallabies had significantly suppressed nocturnal melatonin compared to no light and amber LED exposed wallabies, while there was no difference in lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant capacity declined from baseline to week 10 under all treatments. These results provide further evidence that short-wavelength light at night is a potent suppressor of nocturnal melatonin. Importantly, we also illustrate that shifting the spectral output to longer wavelengths could mitigate these negative physiological impacts.

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In humans, the main contributors to circadian misalignment are irregular sleep-wake cycles and circadian maladjustments induced by chronic exposure to artificial light environments (poor sunlight and excessive night light). [16][17][18] The best example is rotating shift work. [19][20][21] Therefore, the objective estimation of human circadian phases may be useful in the prevention of circadian rhythm-related diseases.…”

Section: Why Objective Estimation Of the Human Circadian Phase Is Impmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation methods for human circadian phase by use of peripheral tissues

2016

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Almost all living organisms, including humans, exhibit diurnal rhythms of physiology and behavior, which are driven by the circadian clock. Many studies have found that chronic misalignment between circadian and environmental/social rhythms carries a significant risk of various disorders, including sleep disorders, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, irregular sleep-wake cycles and circadian maladjustment often cause 'social jet lag', which is minor but chronic jet-lag in our daily lives. Establishment of objective and convenient circadian-phase estimation methods in the clinical setting would therefore greatly contribute not only to resolving this global health problem but also to developing chronomedicine, a clinical approach for optimizing the time of day of treatments. Traditional melatonin-based methods have limitations with respect to circadian-phase evaluation; however, estimation methods based on clock gene expression may be able to compensate for these limitations. As a representative application of circadian-phase estimation based on clock gene expression, our method of using hair follicle cells may aid in the rapid clinical detection of circadian-related sleep problems, especially circadian rhythm sleep disorders that are masked because of forced adaptation to social time schedules.

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Endocrine Effects of Circadian Disruption

Cited by 118 publications

References 182 publications

Central Circadian Clock Regulates Energy Metabolism

Central Circadian Clock Regulates Energy Metabolism

Artificial light pollution: Shifting spectral wavelengths to mitigate physiological and health consequences in a nocturnal marsupial mammal

Estimation methods for human circadian phase by use of peripheral tissues

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