Endocrine effects of growth hormone overexpression in transgenic coho salmon

Domestication and growth hormone transgenesis cause similar changes in gene expression in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch )

“…The present study has found that both wild type and domesticated (nontransgenic) salmon express detectable GH mRNA in muscle, consistent with previous observations of extrapituitary expression of GH genes (29,54). Although expression of GH in muscle in wild-type was found to be only Ϸ1/20 that found in the pituitary gland (54), given the large mass of muscle in fish, this expression could contribute a significant proportion of GH production in the body. Further, domesticated salmon expressed muscle GH at levels Ϸ3-fold higher than wild-type salmon, suggesting that increased expression of GH genes in salmonid muscle may have been selected during domestication and be responsible in part for enhanced growth rate seen in these strains.…”

Increased food intake in growth hormone-transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) may be mediated by upregulating Agouti-related protein (AgRP)

“…We also found no significant changes in the expression of these genes when hypothalamus fragments were treated with GH in vitro. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the expression of NPY and CCK in TG coho salmon (Raven et al, 2008). However, hypothalamic AgRP I mRNA expression in TG common carp was drastically upregulated in comparison with the control group, independent of whether these fish were bred indoors or outdoors, fasted or fed.…”

“…In aquaculture, enhancing growth is a key objective to improve fish production (Raven et al, 2008). Gene transfer has been employed as a rapid and effective approach to realize this objective.…”

“…(Martinez et al, 1999;Rahman et al, 1998) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (Wang et al, 2001;Zhong et al, 2012). During recent years, it has become clear that elevated growth hormone (GH) levels in transgenic fish induce a wide range of effects apart from growth promotion (Devlin et al, 1994;Du et al, 1992;Martinez et al, 1996;Nam et al, 2001;Rahman et al, 1998;Wang et al, 2001;Zhong et al, 2012), including altered metabolism (Guan et al, 2008;McKenzie et al, 2003;Stevens et al, 1998), swimming performance (Farrell et al, 1997;Lee et al, 2003;Stevens et al, 1998), anti-predator behavior (Abrahams and Sutterlin, 1999;Duan et al, 2010;Dunham et al, 1999) and growth-related neuroendocrine regulation (Raven et al, 2008). In addition, GH treatment resulted in increased food intake and feeding behavior in normal fish (Johnsson and Bjornsson, 1994).…”

Production, characterization, and applications of mouse monoclonal antibodies against gonadotropin, somatolactin, and prolactin from common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…Due to the status of these hormones in aquaculture, the proposed system will help in solving the question about how the transgene might influence the endogenous hormone changes in the pituitary, which will benefit the entire research community. For example, many labs in the world now try to place transgenic GH fish in the market (common carp, salmon, and tilapia) (Eppler et al, 2007;Hu et al, 2007;Raven et al, 2008). Previously, the current authors have prepared mAbs against cGH and established the corresponding ELISA system, which has been useful in the detection of cGH level in transgenic GH fish (Wu et al, 2008).…”