Endocrine Studies at High Altitude. II. Adrenal Cortical Function in Sea Level Natives Exposed to High Altitudes (4300 Meters) for Two Weeks

Moncloa, Federico; Donayre, J.; Sobrevilla, Luis A.; Guerra-García, Roger

doi:10.1210/jcem-25-12-1640

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…A comparison of adrenal cortical function with exposure to various simulated high altitudes in the r~t (Myles and Ducker, 1972), man (Moncloa et al, 1965;Singh et al, 1974) and cattle in the present study suggest similar trends with an initial increased eorticoid level during the first day of exposure and a return to near normal values after a few days.…”

Section: Exposure To Simulated High Altitudesupporting

confidence: 71%

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Plasma cortisol in cattle: Circadian rhythm and exposure to a simulated high altitude of 5,000 m

Hays

Armbruster²,

Vetter

et al. 1975

Int J Biometeorol

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A B S T R A C T . -After a 2 week control period at 400 n% cattle w e r e exposed to 5,000 m simulated altitude for 2 weeks, which was followed by a 2-week postaltitude control period. P l a s m a eortisol values f r o m blood samples taken e v e r y 30 min for a total of 24 h indicated that e o r t i s o l was s e c r e t e d episodically and that a circadian rhythm existed. When cortisol values w e r e grouped into 4, 6-h periods, plasma eortisol was most abundant f r o m 06:00 to 12:00 h with an average of 0 . 9 6~ g/100 ml and least abundant f r o m 00:30 to 06:00 h with an average of 0.55~t g/100 ml. P l a s m a e o r t i s o l i n c r e a s e d f r o m 0.42 to 3 . 0 8~ g / 100 ml during the 4 h ascent to 5,000 m and d e c r e a s e d to n e a r normal levels the following day. A rhythmic plasma cortisol pattern was maintained after one day at simulated high altitude.

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Section: Exposure To Simulated High Altitudesupporting

confidence: 71%

“…When animals a r e subjected to high altitude, plasma or urine corticoids, and hence adrenal corticoid secretion, i n c r e a s e (Moncloa et al, 1965;Myles and Ducker, 1973;Singh et a l . , 1974;Van L i e r e and Stickney, 1963).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma cortisol in cattle: Circadian rhythm and exposure to a simulated high altitude of 5,000 m

Hays

Armbruster²,

Vetter

et al. 1975

Int J Biometeorol

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“…Moncloa and colleagues measured cortisol secretion in 10 young adult males exposed to 4300 meters (PaO 2 : 47; SaO 2 : 82%) of altitude for 2 weeks. Cortisol levels were increased during the first few days of exposure to high altitude; however, by the 14 th day, cortisol level returned to baseline levels [30]. Larsen and colleagues measured cortisol levels in 8 men that were taken from sea level to an altitude of 4559 m above sea level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in infants with congenital heart disease

et al. 2012

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Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have associated extracardiac co-morbidities at the time of surgery and during ongoing growth and development. Perioperative events include disrupted glucose homeostasis, capillary leak, and fluid retention. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has an important role in homeostasis in that the secretion of cortisol contributes to the response to stress, glucose regulation, blood volume control and immune regulation. We investigated the diurnal rhythm of the HPA axis in infants with CHD by measuring salivary cortisol in the morning (0600–0900 hr – circadian peak) and evening (2100–2400 hr – circadian nadir). Twenty-nine infants aged 12 weeks to 1 year were included: 16 with acyanotic disease (SpO2≥90%) and 13 with cyanotic disease (SpO2<90%). Morning salivary cortisol was similar between the two groups [acyanotic 7.0 nmol/L (1.8–23.1); cyanotic 9.7 nmol/L (0.9–15.6); p=0.68]. Evening salivary cortisol was similar between the two groups [acyanotic 0.9 nmol/L (0.2–8.5); cyanotic 1.4 nmol/L (0.5–14.9); p=0.32]. Both cyanotic and acyanotic groups demonstrated an intact diurnal rhythm. In conclusion, chronic hypoxia secondary to cyanotic CHD does not affect the circadian rhythm of the HPA axis. By twelve weeks of age, infants with hypoxia secondary to cyanotic CHD have a normal cortisol diurnal rhythm.

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“…Glucocorticoids are systemic stress hormones and can activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a transcription factor that acts on GRE promoter elements [33]. Although the role of glucocorticoids in the context of HP has not been addressed, it is known that hypoxia (8% oxygen) increases glucocorticoids in the blood within 30-60 minutes [34-36]. Glucocorticoids can augment the expression of HIF1α-dependent genes via a direct interaction with HIF-1α [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional genome transcriptional response of adult mouse brain to hypoxia

Sharp

2011

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundSince normal brain function depends upon continuous oxygen delivery and short periods of hypoxia can precondition the brain against subsequent ischemia, this study examined the effects of brief hypoxia on the whole genome transcriptional response in adult mouse brain.ResultPronounced changes of gene expression occurred after 3 hours of hypoxia (8% O2) and after 1 hour of re-oxygenation in all brain regions. The hypoxia-responsive genes were predominantly up-regulated in hindbrain and predominantly down-regulated in forebrain - possibly to support hindbrain survival functions at the expense of forebrain cognitive functions. The up-regulated genes had a significant role in cell survival and involved both shared and unshared signaling pathways among different brain regions. Up-regulation of transcriptional signaling including hypoxia inducible factor, insulin growth factor (IGF), the vitamin D3 receptor/retinoid X nuclear receptor, and glucocorticoid signaling was common to many brain regions. However, many of the hypoxia-regulated target genes were specific for one or a few brain regions. Cerebellum, for example, had 1241 transcripts regulated by hypoxia only in cerebellum but not in hippocampus; and, 642 (54%) had at least one hepatic nuclear receptor 4A (HNF4A) binding site and 381 had at least two HNF4A binding sites in their promoters. The data point to HNF4A as a major hypoxia-responsive transcription factor in cerebellum in addition to its known role in regulating erythropoietin transcription. The genes unique to hindbrain may play critical roles in survival during hypoxia.ConclusionDifferences of forebrain and hindbrain hypoxia-responsive genes may relate to suppression of forebrain cognitive functions and activation of hindbrain survival functions, which may coordinately mediate the neuroprotection afforded by hypoxia preconditioning.

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Endocrine Studies at High Altitude. II. Adrenal Cortical Function in Sea Level Natives Exposed to High Altitudes (4300 Meters) for Two Weeks

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Plasma cortisol in cattle: Circadian rhythm and exposure to a simulated high altitude of 5,000 m

Plasma cortisol in cattle: Circadian rhythm and exposure to a simulated high altitude of 5,000 m

Circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in infants with congenital heart disease

Regional genome transcriptional response of adult mouse brain to hypoxia

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