Endodontic Sealers Modified with Silver Vanadate: Antibacterial, Compositional, and Setting Time Evaluation

Abstract

The incorporation of nanoparticles into endodontic sealers aims at increasing antimicrobial activity of the original material. Aim. The aim of this study is to incorporate the nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO3, at 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) into three endodontic sealers and evaluate the antibacterial activity of freshly sealers, surface topography and chemical composition, and setting time. Material and Methods. The AgVO3 was incorporated into AH Plus, Sealer 26, and Endomethasone N at concentrations 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (in mass). The antibacterial activity of freshly sealers was assessed by direct contact with Enterococcus faecalis and CFU/mL count (n=10), surface topography, and chemical composition were measured by SEM/EDS, and the setting time was measured by Gillmore needle (n=10). The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests were applied (α=0.05). Results. All groups of sealers evaluated inhibited E. faecalis (p>0.05). The incorporation of AgVO3 altered the atomic proportions between components of the endodontic sealers, and the percentage of silver (Ag) and vanadium (V) increased proportionally to the concentrations of AgVO3. Topography analysis showed differences in components distribution on the surface of the specimens. The sealers incorporated with AgVO3 of AH Plus presented a lower setting time than the control group (p<0.05). For Sealer 26 and Endomethasone N, the incorporation of AgVO3 increased the setting time in relation to control group (p<0.05). Conclusions. The modification of endodontic sealers by AgVO3 increased the atomic percentage of Ag and V proportionally to the concentration of the nanomaterial and changed the atomic percentage of the sealer components and setting times. It cannot be affirmed that the AgVO3 promote differences in the antimicrobial activity of freshly sealers, and further investigations of the antimicrobial activity of the set sealers should be carried out.

Nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver particles and their applicability in dental materials: A scope review

“…Teixeira et al., 2019 [ 20 ] found that after modifying sealer, Endomethasone N and AH-Plus endodontic cement with the addition of 2.5, 5 and 10% β-AgVO 3 , there was better inhibition for the groups of 5 and 10% for Sealer, 2.5, 5 and 10% for Endomethasone, while AH-Plus presented similar results to the control group. In another study by Teixeira et al., 2019 [ 12 ] in which he added the same proportions to the same materials previously mentioned, there was complete inhibition of the growth of E. Faecalis, however, without significant differences between the groups, including control. In another study by Teixeira et al., 2017 [ 19 ], the incorporation of β-AgVO 3 did not increase the antimicrobial activity of AH Plus against E. Faecalis.…”

“…All groups showing an acidic pH in relation to the initial pH. Teixeira et al., 2019 [ 12 ]. Three endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Sealer 26 and Endomethasone N) 2.5%, 5% and 10%.…”

“…Species of bacteria such as E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli remain in the dental canals, even after filling due to the complexity of the anatomy of the canaliculi. Microorganisms such as C. albicans, S. mutans, S. aureus and P. Aeruginosa are adept at total and removable prosthesis bases while S. mutans attach to the ceramic surface, and thus can help in the development of diseases that present high severity, such as bacterial endocarditis, obstructive chronic lung disease, aspiration pneumonia, and generalized respiratory tract infections [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Setting Time, Flowability, and Solubility of Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer Mixed With Chitosan Nanoparticles

“…Therefore, the conversion of polymers from monomers occurs slowly [22]. The incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles into epoxy resin-based sealer produced a longer setting time compared to epoxy resin-based sealer because the addition of particles that do not contribute to the reaction during setting or polymerization may enhance the setting time [23].…”

The Potential Translational Applications of Nanoparticles in Endodontics

“… 153 However, conflicting results have been published regarding its effects on the antibacterial activity of sealers. One study reported that there was no additional antibacterial benefit gained when the sealers were in a freshly mixed state, 154 whilst another reported enhanced antibacterial properties in both freshly mixed and set states. 155 Furthermore, the extent of benefit from the inclusion of silver vanadate nanowires decorated with AgNPs may depend on the type of commercial sealer and the concentration used.…”