Endoergic and resonant charge transfer excitation in He-Cu discharge

Asymmetric charge transfer with hydrogen ions — An important factor in the “hydrogen effect” in glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy

“…Some of the kinetic energy of the colliding particles (usually that of the ion) can be converted into internal energy (i.e. an endoergic reaction) [14]. For endoergic ACT, the probability becomes very small in Grimm-type discharges when |DE| reaches¨0.5 eV [4,15].…”

First experimental proof of asymmetric charge transfer in ICP-MS/MS (ICP-QQQ-MS) through isotopically enriched oxygen as cell gas

“…Samples were introduced through PTFE capillary tubes (0.25 mm I.D., Glass Expansion, West Melbourne, Australia) using an Agilent 1200 binary pump and Agilent 1200 Autosampler (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) to a borosilicate glass Micro Mist nebulizer (Glass Expansion, West Melbourne, Australia). The cell gases used in this study were O 2 (purity 99.999%, Praxair, Düsseldorf, Germany), isotopically enriched oxygen (97% 18 O 2 , Campro Scientic, Berlin, Germany) and He (99.999% purity, Praxair, Düsseldorf, Germany). The instrument was tuned to the maximum signal/background ratio with a solution containing 10 mg L À1 Ce, Rh and Y in N-methylpyrrolidone infused at 0.05 mL min À1 .…”

“…Therefore 2 studies, one containing 28 elements (Ag, Al, B, Ba, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, I, In, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sr, Tl, Zn) and one containing 4 elements (Au, As, Be, Se) were performed with regard to a possible electron transfer from the 16 O 2 molecule to a reactant A + ion followed by the detection of the charged 16 O 2 + molecule. To prove that the detected m/z ratio of 32 in the second quadrupole arises from the O 2 molecule charged during reaction processes, both oxygen with natural isotopic composition and isotopically enriched oxygen (97% 18 O 2 ) have been employed as reaction gases.…”

Excitation of higher levels of singly charged copper ions in argon and neon glow discharges

“…15 Classication of selective and non-selective excitation processes in argon-helium plasmas, involving also copper, was presented by Mushtaq et al 16 The Cu II spectrum from a neon discharge is also discussed in a recent study by the same authors. With the exception of the study of Steers and Leis, 4 the work of Rozsa et al 18 and of Mezei et al, 19 very little attention has been paid to Cu II levels with higher energies than the ionization energy of the discharge gas and the excitation/ionization processes involved. ACT is a resonant process 1-6 and most studies listed above were therefore focused on Cu II lines with upper levels close to the ionization energy of the discharge gas and lines emitted as a result of cascade deexcitation of such levels.…”

“…ACT is a resonant process [1][2][3][4][5][6] and most studies listed above were therefore focused on Cu II lines with upper levels close to the ionization energy of the discharge gas and lines emitted as a result of cascade deexcitation of such levels. With the exception of the study of Steers and Leis, 4 the work of Rozsa et al 18 and of Mezei et al, 19 very little attention has been paid to Cu II levels with higher energies than the ionization energy of the discharge gas and the excitation/ionization processes involved. These higher levels are also excited, although to a much lesser degree.…”