Endogenous Opioids and Behavior

Brush, F. Robert; Shain, C. N.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-137952-0.50013-6

Psychoendocrinology 1989

DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-137952-0.50013-6

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Endogenous Opioids and Behavior

F. Robert Brush¹,

C. N. Shain²

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Cited by 6 publications

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“…Other investigators have also found evidence of biochemical changes reflecting uncertainty and have suggested that specific psychological events affect these hormonal systems (Levine et aI., 1989).. Research has also found that stress 'affects production of EOPs, producing analgesia in animals exposed to stress, possibly playing a role in aftereffects in humans; following acute stress, and potentially being involved in causing emotional disturbances following traumatic stress (Barchas, Akil, Elliott, Holman, & Watson;1978;Belenky & Holdaday;1981;Davidson, Hagmann, & Baum, 1990;Pitman, Altman, & Macklin, 1989). Not all stress-induced analgesia, however, is naloxone-reversible, suggesting that some may be nonopioid in origin (Brush & Nagase Shain, 1989). Several systems have been suggested as mechanisms for this effect.…”

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confidence: 98%

Biochemical Measurements in the Study of Emotion

1992

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The study ofemotions is complicated by a number offactors, including the biological bases ofemotional experience and expression. Although biochemical changes have long been thought to be part of the e~'ocation of emotions, research has not consistently included this level of measurement, and theories of emotion have not systematically specified the role ofthese biochemical bases. In this paper, we briefly review relevant biochemical principles and m'easures that cllll be integrated into research and theory on emotions. Applications ofthese pr.inciples in extant studies of emotion are 'also discussed.Emotion is marked by a set of processes. Some are appraisals of the external environment, others are memory trace and learned associations, some are specieswide reactions to particular stimuli, and still others are internal physiological and endocrinological changes. The rules governing the timing and mix of these processes have been and still are under debate; they are the subject ofany number of theories and discussions. There is nothing inherently abstruse about these processes or about biochemical measurement of them, yet few psychologists have the facilities to command, an assay lab or the time or opportunity to master techniques of a sister field. We believe, however, that an amalgam of these biochemical theories and methods can enlighten the psychological study of emotions.. The study of emotion has been marked by a number of debates and dis-

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Biochemical Measurements in the Study of Emotion

1992

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In memoriam: Seymour (Gig) Levine (January 23, 1925–October 31, 2007) he enabled us to see farther

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Hennessy

et al. 2008

Developmental Psychobiology

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Genetic determinants of individual differences in avoidance learning: Behavioral and endocrine characteristics

1991

Experientia

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Bidirectional genetic selection for good and poor active avoidance learning in a shuttle box has been carried out in three independent laboratories using remarkably similar discrete-trial training procedures. The resulting strains are known as the Roman High and Low Avoidance (RHA and RLA), the Syracuse High and Low Avoidance (SHA and SLA) and the Australian High and Low Avoidance (AHA and ALA) strains, respectively. An additional unidirectionally selected strain, known as the Tokai High Avoider (THA) strain was developed in Japan using a free-operant Sidman avoidance procedure in a Skinner box. This paper reviews the selection of the Syracuse strains, enumerates the various behavioral and endocrine characteristics of the strains, and compares them to the other similarly selected strains. The behavioral work suggests that genetic selection from diverse breeding stocks has resulted in common characteristics that differentiate the strains in the emotional, not learning, domain. The endocrine data, however, are somewhat at odds. The Syracuse strains differentiate one way with respect to endocrine function, and the Roman strains differentiate in the opposite way. We suggest, therefore, that the endocrine correlates are not tightly linked to the avoidance genotype. Genetic analysis of all of the selected strains for both the avoidance phenotype and the endocrine correlates will be needed to test this hypothesis.

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Endogenous Opioids and Behavior

Cited by 6 publications

References 166 publications

Biochemical Measurements in the Study of Emotion

Biochemical Measurements in the Study of Emotion

In memoriam: Seymour (Gig) Levine (January 23, 1925–October 31, 2007) he enabled us to see farther

Genetic determinants of individual differences in avoidance learning: Behavioral and endocrine characteristics

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