“…MAMPs/PAMPs correspond to essential conserved regions of pathogen or microbial components. Likewise, PTI can also be activated upon the detection of DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS (DAMPs), which are molecules secreted by the plants as a result of exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses ( Figure 2A) (Gust et al, 2017;Tang et al, 2017;Ortiz-Morea and Reyes-Bermudez, 2019). Activation of PTI leads to an increase of intracellular calcium, activation of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK), a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASEs (CDPKs), massive transcriptional reprogramming, stomata closure, callose deposition, and so forth ( Figure 2A) (Wu et al, 2014;Couto and Zipfel, 2016;Yu et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2020aWang et al, , 2020bWang et al, , 2020c.…”