Endometritis

Canisso, Igor F.; Stewart, Jamie L.; Silva, Marco A. Coutinho da

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2016.08.004

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In addition, to date, there are limited controlled studies comparing infectious vs. non-infectious endometritis in mares [36,37]. Mares with defective reproductive anatomy (e.g., poor vulvar conformation, torn vestibulovaginal sphincter, ventral sacculation of the uterus, impaired uterine contractility, cervix incompetence, and atrophied endometrium folds) are more prone to aspirate air or accumulate fluid or urine in the vagina and uterus, which make the mare simultaneously prone to infectious and non-infectious endometritis [20,38]. Additionally, mares with competent immune response and functional anatomy of the reproductive tract are able to clear infections spontaneously (i.e., mares resistant to endometritis), whereas mares with a deficient immune response may be unable to combat the development of an infection or may have persistent inflammation [31][32][33]39].…”

Section: Etiology and Pathogenesis Of Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of interest, retrospective reports identified that 25-60% of mares failing to become pregnant have bacterial uterine infection [45,46]. In clinical cases, the most commonly isolated bacteria linked with endometritis are the Streptococcus species, followed by Coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus [20,42,[47][48][49] (Table 1). Among all, Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (Streptococcus zooepidemicus) and Escherichia coli predominate as causes of acute and chronic endometritis, respectively [50,51].…”

Section: Infectious Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, endometritis has been treated with uterine lavage, ecbolics, anti-inflammatories, and antimicrobials [20]. In recent years, the lack of response to traditional therapy and the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has led to the development of alternative therapies to treat mares suffering from chronic endometritis [21].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the most common bacterial isolates in the mare's reproductive tract are Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp, and Staphylococcus sp [20,42,[47][48][49], the most common antimicrobials used to treat endometritis include β-lactam (e.g., ceftiofur, ampicillin, penicillin) and aminoglycosides (i.e., gentamicin and amikacin) [268] (Table 3). It is interesting that Streptococcus zooepidemicus and Escherichia coli, the two most common isolates from mares with endometritis, were reported to be highly resistant to common antimicrobials [269].…”

Section: Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, endometritis has been treated with multi-modal therapeutics such as a combination of uterine lavage, ecbolic agents, anti-inflammatories, and antibiotics. Unfortunately, a subset of mares fails to respond to traditional therapeutics [20,21]. The lack of efficacy to traditional therapeutics, alongside the ever-increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, has led to the development of alternative therapies for mares suffering from PBIE [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares—A Multifaceted Challenge: From Clinical Aspects to Immunopathogenesis and Pathobiology

Canisso

Segabinazzi

Fedorka

2020

IJMS

Self Cite

103

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Post-breeding endometritis (i.e., inflammation/infection of the endometrium), is a physiological reaction taking place in the endometrium of mares within 48 h post-breeding, aimed to clear seminal plasma, excess sperm, microorganisms, and debris from the uterine lumen in preparation for the arrival of an embryo. Mares are classified as susceptible or resistant to persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) based on their ability to clear this inflammation/infection by 48 h post-breeding. Mares susceptible to PBIE, or those with difficulty clearing infection/inflammation, have a deficient immune response and compromised physical mechanisms of defense against infection. Molecular pathways of the innate immune response known to be involved in PBIE are discussed herein. The role of the adaptive uterine immune response on PBIE remains to be elucidated in horses. Advances in the pathobiology of microbes involved in PBIE are also revised here. Traditional and non-traditional therapeutic modalities for endometritis are contrasted and described in the context of clinical and molecular aspects. In recent years, the lack of efficacy of traditional therapeutic modalities, alongside the ever-increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, has enforced the development of non-traditional therapies. Novel biological products capable of modulating the endometrial inflammatory response are also discussed here as part of the non-traditional therapies for endometritis.

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Section: Etiology and Pathogenesis Of Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infectious Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares—A Multifaceted Challenge: From Clinical Aspects to Immunopathogenesis and Pathobiology

Canisso

Segabinazzi

Fedorka

2020

IJMS

Self Cite

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from the reproductive tract of mares as potentially beneficial strains to prevent equine endometritis

Silva,

Castañares,

Mouguelar

et al. 2024

Vet Res Commun

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Endometritis, the infection and/or in ammation of the endometrium, is the leading cause of subfertility in mares, and therefore responsible for major economic losses in the horse industry worldwide. It is generally treated with uterine lavages combined with ecbolic agents and local or systemic antibiotics. However, since antibiotic overuse has been associated with antimicrobial resistance in mares with persistent endometritis, new prevention and treatment alternatives are needed. One such alternative could be the use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the host. Thanks to their species speci city, indigenous microbiota may restore ecological equilibrium within the host, and therefore, help prevent infections and improve physiological functions. In the present study, 257 bacterial strains were isolated from 77 healthy mares, and 88.76% (n = 228) of them were phenotypically classi ed as LAB. Within this group, 65.79% were able to inhibit at least one strain from each of the genera that most commonly cause equine endometritis (S. zooepidemicus, E. coli, and Staphylococcus spp.). Five strains (RCE11, RCE20, RCE91, RCE99, and RCE167) were selected on the basis of their bene cial properties: ability to autoaggregate and adhere to equine epithelial cells, high inhibition of and co-aggregation with all the bacteria isolated from clinical cases of endometritis evaluated, and negative co-inhibition between one another. All ve were nally identi ed as Enterococcus spp., namely E. faecium (two strains), E. hirae (two strains), and E. gallinarum (one strain). Further studies will assess their safety and biotechnological potential for the design of a multi-strain probiotic formula to prevent equine endometritis.

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