Endophytes and Rhizosphere Fungi from Galam (<i>Melaleuca cajuputi</i> Powell.) which has the Potential to Produce Indole Acetic Acid (IAA)

Abstract

Some types of fungi are known to have the ability to produce Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). Fungi can be isolated from the rhizosphere and tissues of various plants, including from the rhizosphere and the root "Galam" (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell.), which grow predominantly in peatlands. Therefore, the purposes of this study were: (a) to isolate and measure the potential of fungi from endophytic and rhizospheric of “Galam”(M. cajuputi) as a producer of IAA hormone, (b) determine the types of fungal interaction that occur and their potential to increase the total IAA hormone produced. This research begins with isolation, purification, isolate screening, analysis of IAA hormone production, data analysis, seed germination test and isolates identification. The result showed that the concentration of IAA produced by Penicillium sp. IRZ15 was 5.86 ± 0.47 μg.mL-1 to 8.46 ± 0.26 μg.mL-1 and Syncephalastrum sp. AG15 is 4.77 ± 0.44 μg.mL-1 to 8.77 ± 0.25 μg.mL-1. Meanwhile, the combination of rhizospheric fungi Penicillium sp. IRZ15 and endophytic fungi Syncephalastrum sp. AG15 does not produce significantly different IAA concentrations (6.42 ± 0.34 μg.mL-1 to 9.19 ± 0.50 μg.mL-1 ) compared to fungi used alone without combinations.

The ability of potassium-solubilizing fungi isolated from leucite potassium rock deposits

“…Research results by Abri et al (2015) shows the average production of IAA ranged from 0.556 to 2.190 mg/L by fungal isolates from Pare Kaloko aromatic rice rhizosphere, and 0.048-1.810 mg/L on Pare Bau fungal isolates. While study conducted by Imaningsih et al (2021) showed that IAA concentration produced by the rhizosphere fungal isolates of IRZ15 was 8,46 ± 0,26 mg/L. The difference in IAA production could be caused by the type of fungus and the origin of the different potassium solvent fungus isolate (Abri et al 2015).…”

“…In other study, fungal isolates have been shown to produce siderophores, IAA, catalase enzyme activity and have the ability as biocontrol agents (Abri et al 2015). Several genus of fungi isolated from the soil rhizosphere are known to have the ability to produce hormones including Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aeschynomene, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Astriani et al 2014;Imaningsih et al 2021).…”

An Overview of Stress-Tolerant Promoting Endophytic Fungal Isolates from Hiyung Chilli Grown in South Kalimantan

“…The hormones support germination, growth, and reproduction and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stress [41]. In fact, IAA is one of the most studied phytohormones produced by endophytic fungi [15,39], which include cell elongation and division, and is a part of the plants' defence system. It was documented that different IAA biosynthetic pathways regulate different types of plant-microbial interactions [42].…”

“…According to the literature, these spicy peppers grow rather well as they act as hosts to endophytic fungi, which are known for their ability to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum capsici [6,7]. Endophytic fungi isolated from chilli plants purportedly have a variety of uses, including supporting plant growth [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and are a source of bioactive compounds, for instance, capsaicin [16]. Endophytic fungi isolated from chilli plant reported so far are the Tricho-derma sp.…”

“…It said that endophytic fungi positively affect the growth of the host plant because of the phytohormones they produce, such as auxins [15,26]. These fungi also secrete the same bioactive compounds as their host plants [27].…”