Endophytes — the Chemical Synthesizers inside Plants

Owen, Noel L.; Hundley, Nicholas James

doi:10.3184/003685004783238553

Cited by 170 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Dudeja et al (2012) states that the composition of endophytic fungi is strongly influenced by environmental and host plants. Since the host affects the production of endophytic fungal metabolites, further studies on whether the biosynthesis of active metabolite compounds continues or ceases when the fungus is grown in vitro is also necessary to know the main cause of the biosynthesis of the metabolite compound in the fungus (Owen & Hundley, 2004). The composition of endophytic fungi also depends on the interaction of pathogenic fungi and other microorganisms (Rubini et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Bark of Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) that Produce the Antibacterial Compounds

et al. 2017

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The Dipterocarpaceae plant, raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) is widespread in Southeast Asia. The bark of raru has been used by local communities in North Sumatera as antidiarrheal drugs due to its antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial activity of the raru's bark is induced by endophytic fungi that live in the region of the bark. This study aimed to identify the endophytic fungi-producer of antibacterial compounds in the bark of raru (C. melanoxylon) by means of molecular analysis. In general, endophytic fungi have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Thirty-eight isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from the bark of raru. Selection of isolates for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 used the dual culture assay. Selection using the dual culture assay yielded 6 endophytic fungal isolates that have the ability to inhibit the growth of test bacteria. EF10A sample was the most powerful isolate inhibiting the growth of both bacteria test. Those six bacteria molecularly identified used a sequence generated from ITS rDNA region. Based on rDNA ITS region sequences, isolate, the producers of the antibacterial compound were identified as Talaromyces cellulolyticus, Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma harzianum, and Aspergillus orizae. The results of this study can be used by researchers to explore more potential endophytic fungi in raru plants (C. melanoxylon) as a source of medicine. The data obtained need to be supported by further research to isolate the bioactive compounds that can inhibit the growth of microbial pathogens.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Bark of Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) that Produce the Antibacterial Compounds

et al. 2017

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“…The discovery of novel antimicrobial metabolites from endophytes is an important alternative to overcome the increasing levels of antibiotics resistance by plant and human pathogens (17).Endophytes are chemical synthesizer inside plants (18) in additional, they play a role as a selection system for microbes to produce bioactive substances with low toxicity toward higher organisms (19).The antimicrobial activity of the endophytic bacterium B.megaterium was observed against all the tests bacteria. inhibition zones ranged between 16.5-31.0 mm against Gram-Negative Bacteria and ranged between 29.5 33.0 mm against Gram-Positive Bacteria Numbers represent average of three replicates P ≤ 0.05 observed that the scavenging activity of secondary metabolites from B .megaterium at all concentrations from 1.95 to 1000µg/ml is rather strong (20-80%).The extract improved 80%…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic bacterium Bacillus megaterium isolated from wheat root in Iraq

Hateet¹

2017

DJPS

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The present study was carried out to find out the antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from wheat plant root by surface sterilization method. Bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus megaterium. Secondary metabolites was carried out by ethyl acetate solvent .Secondary metabolites were demonstrated for antimicrobial activity against Gram-:Negative Bacteria namely; Escherichia coli ,Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which range between (16.5-31.0)mm and range between(29.5-33.0)mm against Gram-Positive Bacteria and antifungal activates tested against yeasts test namely; Candida albicans with inhibition zone 16.0mm and 12.0mm against Candida kruzi. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were in the range between (6.25-12.25) and (3.12-25.0) μg/ ml against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive bacteria respectively and(50)μg/ml against yeasts test and minimal bactericidal concentrations ranged from (12.5 to 25.0) μg/ ml and (6.12-50)μg/ ml against Gram-Negative and Gram--Positive bacteria respectively and minimal fungicidal concentrations (100) μg/ ml against yeasts. The antioxidant activity was analyzed using2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays have shown high rates of inhibition .A verification of non-toxicity of the bacterial secondary metabolites against human blood revealed a negative test. The metabolite produced by the endophytic bacteria could be an alternative source of antimicrobial and antioxidants.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, Endophytic bacteria, bacteria.

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“…Tan and Zou 2001;Strobel and Daisy 2003;Owen and Hundley 2004;Schulz and Boyle 2005;Gunatilaka 2006), shedding light onto selected aspects of the nature of endophytes. The aim of the hereby presented study is to render a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytes: exploiting biodiversity for the improvement of natural product-based drug discovery

Staniek

Woerdenbag

Kayser

2008

Journal of Plant Interactions

132

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Endophytes, microorganisms that colonize internal tissues of all plant species, create a huge biodiversity with yet unknown novel natural products, presumed to push forward the frontiers of drug discovery. Next to the clinically acknowledged antineoplastic agent, paclitaxel, endophyte research has yielded potential drug lead compounds with antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, insulin mimetic, anti-neurodegenerative and immunosuppressant properties. Furthermore, while being implicated in livestock neurotoxicosis, some endophyte-produced alkaloids have been shown to display insecticidal activity. The endophyte-host relationship is postulated to be a 'balanced antagonism'. Moreover, the plausibility of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) hypothesis is taken into account. Knowledge of the genetic background of endophytic natural product biosynthesis is discussed on the basis of loline alkaloids, ergopeptines, lolitrems and maytansinoids. The current dynamic progress in genomics will contribute to a better understanding of endophytic microbes and to further exploiting them as a source of pharmaceutically relevant compounds.

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Endophytes — the Chemical Synthesizers inside Plants

Cited by 170 publications

References 25 publications

Molecular Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Bark of Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) that Produce the Antibacterial Compounds

Molecular Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Bark of Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) that Produce the Antibacterial Compounds

Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic bacterium Bacillus megaterium isolated from wheat root in Iraq

Endophytes: exploiting biodiversity for the improvement of natural product-based drug discovery

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