World cereal production faces the challenge of increasing productivity while reducing its environmental footprint. Diseases like Fusarium head blight that reduce yield and quality of the harvest are controlled mainly with agricultural practices and fungicides. These measures have been shown to be inefficient or unsustainable. After reviewing the current knowledge about Fusarium fungi–cereal interactions, this chapter describes how progress can be built over current agricultural practices in integrated pest management plans. The methods described include increasing genetic resistance by exploiting the full extent of the advantages of new technologies, as well as looking for new fungicide molecules that aim for specific fungal metabolic pathways during infection at an early stage. The chapter addresses the disease cycle of Fusarium head blight, host–pathogen interactions, genetic resistance, the role of mycotoxins, the impact of the disease on yields and loss of crop quality, and techniques of disease management. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to future research trends in this area.