Endophytic fungi: understanding complex cross-talks

Mattoo, Aroosa Jan; Nonzom, Skarma

doi:10.1007/s13199-020-00744-2

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 310 publications

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“…Among them, the isolate BXG-2 showed pathogenicity, while the isolates BXG-1 and BXG-3 did not. Given that the morphology of BXG-1 and BXG-3 were different from that of BXG-2, we think that these two non-pathogenetic fungi can be endophytic fungi, which can parasitize in plants without causing any negative symptoms [21]. The conidia of pathogenic isolate BXG-2 were oval or clavate and averaged 15.82 μm × 6.14 μm, which was closely similar to that of C. fructicola, reported by Yang et al for Pouteria campechiana [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evidences of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims in China

Fei

Long

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is a tropical and subtropical plant that is widely cultivated in China due to its high nutritional value, unique flavor and medicinal properties. In August 2020, typical anthracnose symptoms with light brown and water-soaked lesions on Passiflora edulis Sims were observed, which result in severe economic losses. The incidence of this disease was approximately 30%. The pathogens from the infected fruit were isolated and purified by the method of tissue isolation. Morphological observations showed that the colony of isolate BXG-2 was gray to celadon and grew in concentric circles. The orange conidia appeared in the center after 14 days of incubation. The pathogenicity was verified by Koch’s postulates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), chitin synthase (CHS-1), actin (ACT), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were amplified by relevant PCR programs. The multi-gene (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS-1) phylogeny analysis confirmed that isolate BXG-2 belongs to Colletotrichum fructicola. The inhibitory effect of six synthetic fungicides on the mycelial growth of the pathogen was investigated, among which difenoconazole 10% WG showed the best inhibitory effect against C. fructicola with an EC50 value of 0.5579 mg·L−1. This is the first report of anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims caused by Colletotrichum fructicola in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evidences of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims in China

Fei

Long

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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“…Endophytic microbes exhibit complex relationship with their host plants based on multivariate cross-talks ( Mattoo and Nonzom, 2021 ). Accordingly, they may change their behaviour, growth, and activity.…”

Section: Methods Of Lignin Depolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endophytes are the ubiquitous microbes, such as, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes that reside asymptomatically within the plant tissues, atleast for a fraction of their lifecycle ( Bacon and White, 2000 ). Mostly mutualistic in nature, these microbes confer a plethora of advantages to the host plants, acquiring food and shelter in return ( Mattoo and Nonzom, 2021 ). However, they are highly dynamic and can switch their lifestyle to saprophytism or pathogenism, either in specific stressful conditions or after the death of their hosts ( Schulz and Boyle, 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytes in Lignin Valorization: A Novel Approach

Mattoo

Nonzom

2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Lignin, one of the essential components of lignocellulosic biomass, comprises an abundant renewable aromatic resource on the planet earth. Although 15%––40% of lignocellulose pertains to lignin, its annual valorization rate is less than 2% which raises the concern to harness and/or develop effective technologies for its valorization. The basic hindrance lies in the structural heterogeneity, complexity, and stability of lignin that collectively makes it difficult to depolymerize and yield common products. Recently, microbial delignification, an eco-friendly and cheaper technique, has attracted the attention due to the diverse metabolisms of microbes that can channelize multiple lignin-based products into specific target compounds. Also, endophytes, a fascinating group of microbes residing asymptomatically within the plant tissues, exhibit marvellous lignin deconstruction potential. Apart from novel sources for potent and stable ligninases, endophytes share immense ability of depolymerizing lignin into desired valuable products. Despite their efficacy, ligninolytic studies on endophytes are meagre with incomplete understanding of the pathways involved at the molecular level. In the recent years, improvement of thermochemical methods has received much attention, however, we lagged in exploring the novel microbial groups for their delignification efficiency and optimization of this ability. This review summarizes the currently available knowledge about endophytic delignification potential with special emphasis on underlying mechanism of biological funnelling for the production of valuable products. It also highlights the recent advancements in developing the most intriguing methods to depolymerize lignin. Comparative account of thermochemical and biological techniques is accentuated with special emphasis on biological/microbial degradation. Exploring potent biological agents for delignification and focussing on the basic challenges in enhancing lignin valorization and overcoming them could make this renewable resource a promising tool to accomplish Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) which are supposed to be achieved by 2030.

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“…Associations between plant and endophytic fungi involve a complex chemical interkingdom interaction including averting/suppressing the defense mechanisms of the host plant, the regulation of fungal virulence factors, and the mediation of coexistence with other fungi and bacteria inside the plant [32]. Thus, the host fungus downregulates some mechanisms and produces antagonistic secondary metabolites or chemical mediators to deal with competitors from the rest of the microbiome.…”

Section: Endophytic Fungal Association: An Interkingdom Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Fungal Terpenoids: Natural Role and Bioactivities

Galindo-Solís

Fernandez

2022

Microorganisms

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Endophytic fungi are a highly diverse group of fungi that intermittently colonize all plants without causing symptoms of the disease. They sense and respond to physiological and environmental changes of their host plant and microbiome. The inter-organism interactions are largely driven by chemical networks mediated by specialized metabolites. The balance of these complex interactions leads to healthy and strong host plants. Endophytic strains have particular machinery to produce a plethora of secondary metabolites with a variety of bioactivities and unknown functions in an ecological niche. Terpenoids play a key role in endophytism and represent an important source of bioactive molecules for human health and agriculture. In this review, we describe the role of endophytic fungi in plant health, fungal terpenoids in multiple interactions, and bioactive fungal terpenoids recently reported from endophytes, mainly from plants used in traditional medicine, as well as from algae and mangroves. Additionally, we highlight endophytic fungi as producers of important chemotherapeutic terpenoids, initially discovered in plants. Despite advances in understanding endophytism, we still have much to learn in this field. The study of the role, the evolution of interactions of endophytic fungi and their terpenoids provide an opportunity for better applications in human health and agriculture.

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Endophytic fungi: understanding complex cross-talks

Cited by 43 publications

References 310 publications

Evidences of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims in China

Evidences of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims in China

Endophytes in Lignin Valorization: A Novel Approach

Endophytic Fungal Terpenoids: Natural Role and Bioactivities

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