Endopolyploidy in organs of<i>Trifolium pratense</i>L.in different ontogenetic stages

Straková, Nikola; Kocová, Valéria; Kolarčik, Vladislav; Mártonfi, Pavol

doi:10.1080/00087114.2014.931632

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…they possess cells with DNA content higher than 4C (Barow and Meister, 2003;Kocová and Mártonfi, 2011;Rewers and Sliwinska, 2012;Kocová et al, 2014;Straková et al, 2014). This phenomenon is a consequence of endoreduplication, a process during which nuclei undergo repeated rounds of DNA replication without mitosis.…”

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Comparison of the genome size, endoreduplication, and ISSR marker polymorphism in eight Lotus (Fabaceae) species

Ducár¹,

Rewers²,

Jędrzejczyk³

et al. 2018

Turk J Bot

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IntroductionThe genus Lotus (Fabaceae; previously Leguminosae) comprises nearly 200 annual and perennial species that are distributed worldwide, except in very cold regions and in some tropical areas of Southeast Asia and Central America (Allan et al., 2004;Escaray et al., 2012). Within this genus, more than 15% of the species are endangered, vulnerable, or rare (IUCN, 2015). Several species are important forage crops (e.g., L. corniculatus, L. uliginosus, L. tenuis, and L. subbiflorus) since their nutritional value is similar or even superior to that of white clover and alfalfa (Jones and Earle, 1966;Escaray et al., 2012).Lotus taxonomy is one of the most problematic within the tribe Loteae due to the limited number of appropriate discernable morphological traits, insufficient genetic description, and high morphological and biogeographical diversity (Grant and Small, 1996;Allan et al., 2004;Escaray et al., 2012). Therefore, in addition to morphological analyses, karyological and molecular studies should be applied for species identification and establishing taxonomic assignment and phylogenetic relationships.The majority of Lotus species have the basic chromosome number x = 6 or 7 and are mostly diploids. However, in some species both diploid and tetraploid accessions occur, while others include only tetraploid forms (e.g., L. corniculatus;Ferreira and Pedrosa-Harand, 2014). Genome sizes of the genus Lotus have been reported for 39 species only (20%), with a range from 0.56 to 2.80 pg/2C (

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of the genome size, endoreduplication, and ISSR marker polymorphism in eight Lotus (Fabaceae) species

Ducár¹,

Rewers²,

Jędrzejczyk³

et al. 2018

Turk J Bot

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“…There is a direct proportional relationship between the genome level ploidy, the cytoplasm volume and the cell size (nuclear-plasma ratio). A volatility of DNA level in somatic cells is confirmed cytometrically [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

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confidence: 88%

“…Endopolyploidy does not affect the nucleotide sequences in DNA and chromosome structure and occurs during DNA replication in the cell nucleus not followed by its division. These processes lead to volatility in the DNA levels in the cell populations which is the main source of cell and tissue variation in plants [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Note, the first researchers, the same as modern scientists, confirmed high prevalence of this phenomenon in the family Chenopodiaceae [10][11][12][13][14].…”

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Analysis of Epigenomic and Epiplastome Variability In

Maletskii¹,

Yudanova²,

Maletskaya³

2015

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tReproduction of cells, individuals, populations is a principal concept of biology. This process is characterized by two properties: heredity and variation. The concept of inheritance indicates the identity of the parents and the offspring's; the concept of variability indicates the incompleteness of this identity. There is a direct proportional relationship between the genome level ploidy, the cytoplasm volume and the cell size (nuclear-plasma ratio). Variation of chromosome or chromatid numbers in the cell nuclei determines the epigenomic variability and variation of intracellular organelle numbers in the cell (for example chloroplasts) determines epiplastome variability in plants. Relationship of the chloroplast number in stomata guard cells and nucleus ploidy level in sugar beet is well known that permit to compare an epiplastome variability in plants and different ploidy of genomes. Chloroplast number in the cells varies, partly due to the asymmetric organelle distribution during cytokinesis. However the epiplastomic variability is related not only with a random organelle distribution during cytokinesis, but also with a genome number variation per cell nucleus (epigenomic variability). An endohaploidy, i.e. an appearance of haploid cells in cell population, is one of the variant of epigenetic variability display. Sugar beet may form the haploid seeds spontaneously both by biparental and uniparental reproduction. In the work the diploid (control, generation A 0 ), dihaploid and haploid (generation A 1 ) seed progeny were used. Dihaploids and haploids were obtained by the parthenogenetic reproduction mode (pollen less condition). In the paper we considered a variability of chloroplast number in stomata guard cells and integral tissue characteristics which are compared with harmonious proportions (Fibonacci number, golden ratio). It was studied following parameters: a) a chloroplast number in stomata the guard cells; b) a plastotype number in the epidermal tissue. And it was determined the average value of chloroplast (M) and plastotypes (Pt) number in stomata guard cells of haploid, diploid and dihaploid plants. On the base of obtained data the ratios of epigenetic stability (D-ratio) in haploid, diploid and dihaploid (control) sugar beet plants were estimated. D is logarithmic ratio of the chloroplast number to plastotypes and indicates the physiological and epiplastome stability of cell populations. It was shown the differences between the experiment simples: D-ratio in dihaploids is always above than one in the haploids. It was established for the first time that integral tissue characteristic (D-ratio) corresponds to harmonious proportions (bio-logical invariants), i.e. Fibonacci numbers (golden ratio). In diploids and dihaploids this ratio corresponds to the first terms of the harmonious series (from first to fifth), in haploids D-ratio corresponds to eighth and higher terms of the harmonious sequence.Keywords: apozygoty, haploids, dihaploids, variability, harmonious proportions, fractals, ...

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“…pratense is among the well known polysomatic species (Barow and Meister, 2003;Kocová et al, 2014;Straková et al, 2014). Here we document and prove, along with the previous study , that T. repens is polysomatic at early The level of endopolyploidy present in individual organs of seedlings is important with regards to their differentiation and development (Scholes and Paige, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity Has no Effect on Polysomatic Pattern in Seedlings of Trifolium pratense and T. repens

Kocová¹,

Bubanová²,

Rákai³

et al. 2017

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia S. Botanica

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Endopolyploidy is a condition of a cell containing reduplicated genetic material in its nucleus. Cells with the nuclei of different ploidy levels are often present within a single polysomatic organism. Endoreduplication is thus a modified cell cycle that omits cytokinesis and leads to chromatin replication in the endopolyploid cells. This study aimed to research the effect of salinity on endopolyploidy of Trifolium pratense and T. repens. Both species are important pasture legumes and belong to the genus Fabaceae with the well documented endopolyploidy occurence. Endopolyploidy levels in the seedlings treated with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mM NaCl were investigated by flow cytometry. The seedling organs were evaluated during three ontogeny stages. The cytometric data plotted on a histogram showed the presence of 2C-16C nuclei in T. pratense and 2C-8C in T. repens. The hypothesis that salinity induces additional endocycles was not confirmed. Our results show that the distribution of nuclei among ploidy levels does not differ markedly between the treatment groups and the control ones. Additionally, only minor changes were observed among the endoreduplication indexes (EI) of plant organs after exposure to various salt concentrations. Endopolyploidy patterns within the salt-treated seedlings during ontogeny are similar to the controls. We suggest that endopolyploidy in Trifolium species is a conserved genetic trait, rather than an adaptation to salinity stress. The analyses of the roots of T. pratense at stage III show that with the increased concentrations of NaCl the length of roots decreased, but no evident changes in endopolyploidy occured.

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Endopolyploidy in organs ofTrifolium pratenseL.in different ontogenetic stages

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of the genome size, endoreduplication, and ISSR marker polymorphism in eight Lotus (Fabaceae) species

Comparison of the genome size, endoreduplication, and ISSR marker polymorphism in eight Lotus (Fabaceae) species

Analysis of Epigenomic and Epiplastome Variability In

Salinity Has no Effect on Polysomatic Pattern in Seedlings of Trifolium pratense and T. repens

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