Endosonographic TNM Staging of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer: Comparison With Pathological Staging

Tio, T. L.; Cheng, J.; Wijers, Oda B.; Sars, P. R. A.; Tytgat, G. N. J.

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(91)70024-r

Cited by 65 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Furthermore, intraduodenal scanning with a high-frequency ultrasonic probe (more than 15 MHz) was not useful because of echo attenuation. Therefore, intra-bile duct scanning was indispensable in order to utilize the highresolving power 2,7,[18][19][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and to assess the hepatic hilus.…”

Section: Accurate Differentiation Of Benign and Malignant Biliary Stementioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of bile duct carcinoma: developments in the past decade

Tamada

Sugano

2000

Journal of Gastroenterology

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In the past decade, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiography have become useful modalities for the screening of bile duct cancer. Intraductal ultrasonography, using a thin-caliber (2.0 to 2.4 mm in diameter) and high-frequency (15 to 20 MHz) probe, has become a promising modality in assessing locoregional staging. For interventional therapy of unresectable bile duct carcinoma, metallic stents also became an excellent modality. However, tumor ingrowth and overgrowth into the mesh of stents are problems to be solved, and external radiation therapy is widely conducted to control the tumor. To improve the limitations of external radiation, brachytherapy, photodynamic therapy, and microwave coagulation therapy are conducted. However, these modalities are available in only a limited number of institutions even now. To predict the prognosis of the patients, approaches using molecular biology must be established.

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Section: Accurate Differentiation Of Benign and Malignant Biliary Stementioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of bile duct carcinoma: developments in the past decade

Tamada

Sugano

2000

Journal of Gastroenterology

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“…with extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma the disease is diagnosed at an advanced stage; [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] no previous report has clarified the characteristics of bile duct cancer at an early stage, based on cholangiographic findings. Tio et al 1 found that only 2 of 103 patients with bile duct carcinoma examined endosonographically were at the T1 stage (tumor confined to the submucosal muscular layer).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholangiographic findings of early-stage extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma

Tamada

Tomiyama

Wada

et al. 2001

Journal of Gastroenterology

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“…Difficulty in visualization of distal neoplasms was brought about by volume averaging, the tendency of the tumors to be small, and the oblique position of the extrahepatic bile duct. Endoscopic sonography has claimed an overall accuracy in tumor staging of 82 %, but is inadequate in its ability to detect distant metastases and differentiation of malignant from benign lymph nodes [8]. Advances in CT scanning by helical CT scanning technique has provided thinner sections, motion-free images in one breath-hold sequence, and the ability to perform two or more serial scans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Metastatic rate to the lymphatics and lymph nodes has been reported to range from 23 to 81 % [8,9,27]. The degree of nodal involvement has been reported to increase with increasing tumor infiltration into the pancreas, but no definite association between neural invasion and lymphatic invasion or nodal involvement were noted [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tumor histology and differentiation, local invasion, lymph node invasion, vascular invasion, and neural invasion are factors that affect treatment and prognosis in patients with distal bile duct cancer. To date, few studies have been done on the local spread of lower bile duct cancer and no generally accepted system of staging and classification by radiological means has been set [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. This study focuses on determining the local spread, neural, small bowel mesentery, and vascular invasion of lower bile duct cancer.…”

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confidence: 97%

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The local spread of lower bile duct cancer: evaluation by thin-section helical CT

et al. 2000

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This study illustrates the local spread of lower bile duct cancer with thin-section helical CT in correlation with the surgical and pathological findings. Pathologically, 16 patients had pancreatic invasion, 4 had small bowel mesentery invasion, 7 had extrapancreatic nerve plexus invasion, and 3 patients had vascular invasion. On thin-section helical CT, pancreatic invasion was correlated to the clarity or non-clarity of the bile duct mass-pancreas border and the presence of an intrapancreatic mass. Cases with small bowel mesentery and extrapancreatic nerve plexus invasion showed mass or stranding around the superior mesenteric artery and/or inferior pancreatoduodenal artery. Vascular invasion was seen as tumor contiguity to these vessels.

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Endosonographic TNM Staging of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer: Comparison With Pathological Staging

Cited by 65 publications

References 46 publications

Diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of bile duct carcinoma: developments in the past decade

Diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of bile duct carcinoma: developments in the past decade

Cholangiographic findings of early-stage extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma

The local spread of lower bile duct cancer: evaluation by thin-section helical CT

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