Endosymbiont Transmission Mode in Bacterial Leaf Nodulation as Revealed by a Population Genetic Study of Psychotria leptophylla

Lemaire, Benny; Janssens, Steven; Smets, Erik; Dessein, Steven

doi:10.1128/aem.06130-11

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, these studies strongly focus on legume-nodulating bacteria and they are apparently unaware of the fact that Burkholderia bacteria also have been discovered in close relationship with Rubiaceae and Primulaceae plants [5]–[9] [22]–[25]. These Burkholderia endophytes were not found in the roots, but they were found in clearly visible galls on the leaf blades of some tropical plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiotic ß-Proteobacteria beyond Legumes: Burkholderia in Rubiaceae

et al. 2013

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Symbiotic ß-proteobacteria not only occur in root nodules of legumes but are also found in leaves of certain Rubiaceae. The discovery of bacteria in plants formerly not implicated in endosymbiosis suggests a wider occurrence of plant-microbe interactions. Several ß-proteobacteria of the genus Burkholderia are detected in close association with tropical plants. This interaction has occurred three times independently, which suggest a recent and open plant-bacteria association. The presence or absence of Burkholderia endophytes is consistent on genus level and therefore implies a predictive value for the discovery of bacteria. Only a single Burkholderia species is found in association with a given plant species. However, the endophyte species are promiscuous and can be found in association with several plant species. Most of the endophytes are part of the plant-associated beneficial and environmental group, but others are closely related to B. glathei. This soil bacteria, together with related nodulating and non-nodulating endophytes, is therefore transferred to a newly defined and larger PBE group within the genus Burkholderia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiotic ß-Proteobacteria beyond Legumes: Burkholderia in Rubiaceae

et al. 2013

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“…( Amblyanthus , Amblyanthopsis , and Ardisia ) (Miller, ). Recently, much progress has been made in understanding the evolution of this particular bacteria–plant symbiosis (Van Oevelen et al ., , , ; Lemaire et al ., , b, c, , b). All nodulated plant species studied so far have a single host‐specific endosymbiont adapted to live in planta (Lemaire et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the leaves, the bacteria are also found in the shoot tip to be recruited as an obligate and constant associate for the host plant. In Psychotria , for example, the endosymbionts are retained within the host plant during all stages of its life cycle (Miller, ; Lemaire et al ., ) and are proved to be indispensable for normal plant development and survival (Gordon, ; Lemaire et al ., ) although, occasionally, the vertically inherited endosymbionts may be replaced by free‐living soil Burkholderia when the host plant fails to transfer its original bacteria through the seeds (Lemaire et al ., , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for leaf-associated endophytes in the genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae)

Lemaire¹,

Lachenaud

Persson

et al. 2012

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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Burkholderia endophytes were identified within the leaves of non-nodulated members of the genus Psychotria. In contrast to leaf-nodulated Psychotria species, which are known to accommodate their endosymbionts into specialized endosymbiont-housing structures, non-nodulated species lack bacterial leaf nodules and harbor endosymbionts intercellularly between mesophyll cells. Based on molecular data (rps16, trnG, and trnLF), the phylogenetic reconstruction of the host plants revealed a separate origin of leaf-nodulated and non-nodulated Psychotria species. Despite a distinct phylogenetic position of the two host clades, the endophytes of the non-nodulated plants were not placed into a single monophyletic group but were found to be closely related to the leaf-nodulated endosymbionts. The observation of genetically similar endophytes in both nodulated and non-nodulated Psychotria lineages suggests that the host plant is playing a crucial role in the induction of leaf nodule formation. Moreover, the concentration of endosymbionts into specialized leaf nodules may be considered as a more derived evolutionary adaptation of the host plant, serving as an interface structure to facilitate metabolic exchange between plant and endosymbiont.

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“…The cultivation of the leaf nodulated bacteria has not been successful, suggesting a high degree of dependency between both partners and/or an obligate association (Lemaire et al, 2011b). This is corroborated by the occurrence of crippled host plants, i.e., bacterium‐free plants develop normally, but gradually their growth and cell differentiation ceases, resulting in dwarfed plants (Lemaire et al, 2012a).…”

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confidence: 96%

“…In contrast to the well‐known interaction between legumes and their root symbionts, bacterial leaf symbiosis in Rubiaceae has been studied far less and therefore holds many unanswered questions. Sound scientific research starts with clearly defining the study group, and that is what in most research on leaf symbiosis has been done so far, i.e., both partners of the endosymbiosis are being identified, their phylogenetic relationships are being unraveled, and evolutionary patterns are studied (Lemaire et al, 2011a, b, 2012a, b; Verstraete et al, 2011, 2013a). There are, however, other aspects of leaf endosymbiosis that merit enquiry.…”

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confidence: 99%