Endothelium stimulating factor from Walker carcinoma cells

Angiogenic activity from bovine retina: partial purification and characterization.

“…In the following we report studies on the partial purification and characterization of a bovine retina-derived angiogenic factor, which reveal significant differences from other reported angiogenic materials (12)(13)(14).…”

Stimulation by a low-molecular-weight angiogenic factor of capillary endothelial cells in culture

“…It is therefore possible that a native collagen substrate allows the CBEC to react to ESAF as they would in vivo, whereas more artificial substrates such as plastic or denatured collagen do not. Chemical identification of the many angiogenic factors reported in the literature (Folkman et al 1971;, Phillips et al, 1976;McAuslan & Hoffman, 1979;Polverini et al, 1977;Wolf & Harrison, 1973;Klagsburn et al, 1976;Auerbach et al, 1976;Huseby et al, 1975;Maiorana & Gullino, 1978;Tsukamoto & Sugino, 1979;Gospodarowicz & Thakral, 1978) including our own will determine whether they are the same. Published data suggest that TAF is a unique tumour marker (Algire & Chalkley, 1945;Folkman, 1974;Phillips et al, 1976;Maiorana & Gullino, 1978) but it may be the same as other angiogenic factors, possibly common to all tissue capable of growth and repair, its concentration related to the metabolic activity of the tissue.…”

“…On the basis of these observations, tumour extracts have been postulated to contain two different factors, one which induces neovascularization in vivo (ESF) while the other stimulates endothelial-cell proliferation in vitro; the in vivo response to tumour extracts could then be due to a combination of these factors (McAuslan & Hoffman, 1979;and Folkman in Kumar, 1980).…”

“…Although the mechanism by which the tumour-derived angiogenic factor induces capillary growth is not known, the overall process involves endothelial-cell hypertrophy (McAuslan & Hoffman, 1979) migration and proliferation (Cavallo et al, 1973; (Aimbrone & Gullino, 1976;Ausprunk & Folkman, 1977). Attempts to examine the mechanisms of TAF action on endothelial cells in vitro have often produced ambiguous results.…”

“…More recently, a low-mol.-wt factor (ESF) has been purified from sonicated tumour cells grown in tissue culture and shown to contain angiogenic activity in vivo, but not to be mitogenic for endothelial cells in vitro (McAuslan & Hoffman, 1979). On the basis of these observations, tumour extracts have been postulated to contain two different factors, one which induces neovascularization in vivo (ESF) while the other stimulates endothelial-cell proliferation in vitro; the in vivo response to tumour extracts could then be due to a combination of these factors (McAuslan & Hoffman, 1979;and Folkman in Kumar, 1980).…”