Endotoxin Removed from Hemoglobin Solution using Polymyxin-B Immobilized Fibre (PMX-F) Followed by a new Tdrbidohetric Endotoxin Assay

Abstract

Endotoxin contamination in modified hemoglobin can result in side effects. Accurate measurement and effective elimination of endotoxin are important in producing safe hemoglobin preparation. A new turbidometric endotoxin assay (Toxinometer) was studied, in which absorbance of wavelength was applied at 660 nm. This method is not affected by the presence of hemoglobin in solution. This way, toxinometer can accurately measure endotoxin concentration in hemoglobin solution. For the elimination of endotoxin, polymyxin-B immobilized fiber (PMX-F) was studied in-vitro and compared with commercial materials. The PMX-F was found to be a convenient and less expensive approach.

Detection of lipopolysaccharide in hemoglobin‐vesicles by Limulus amebocyte lysate test with kinetic–turbidimetric gel clotting analysis and pretreatment of surfactant

“…Moreover, a derivative of β‐1,3‐glucan, which is well‐known as a significant interfering element for the LAL assay,55,56 is intentionally added to the LAL reagent from Wako Pure Chemicals Industries, so the influence of contaminated β‐1,3‐glucan in a specimen is eliminated 57. For all the pretreatments, the kinetic–turbidimetric assay system can be used for the LAL clotting assay using the Toxinometer® 43,58. In the case of Hb and HbV, the strong absorption band of the Hb molecule between 400 and 600 nm may affect not only the turbidimetric measurement but also the chromogenic measurement with detection wavelengths of 405 or 545 nm (e.g., Endospecy, Seikagaku Kogyo, Ltd., Japan).…”

“…In the case of Hb and HbV, the strong absorption band of the Hb molecule between 400 and 600 nm may affect not only the turbidimetric measurement but also the chromogenic measurement with detection wavelengths of 405 or 545 nm (e.g., Endospecy, Seikagaku Kogyo, Ltd., Japan). In this sense, the detection wavelength of 660 nm using the Toxinometer® should be appropriate 58…”

Preparation of PVA/amino multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite microspheres for endotoxin adsorption

“…Up to date, many researches focus on the development of the affinity adsorbent for endotoxin removal from protein fluids and endotoxemia patients [5][6][7][8][9][10]. As a commercial product, polymyxin B (PMB) immobilized polystyrene fibres (PMX-F) can effectively remove endotoxin by direct haemoperfusion, which reduced the mortality in septic patients [11,12].…”

Endotoxin adsorbent using dimethylamine ligands

“…Several methods have been studied to remove endotoxin from biological products, such as physical adsorption by charcoal [5][6][7], affinity chromatography [8,9], and adsorption with functional particles [10][11][12]. However, these methods cannot be used in clinical therapy directly.…”