1989
DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(89)90010-x
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Endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1 induce interleukin 6 production in vivo

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Cited by 288 publications
(136 citation statements)
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“…Next, we tested whether Pf3R and Pt1 treatments elicited different inflammatory responses. TNF-␣ is usually the first of the early cytokines found after the administration of endotoxin (11), whereas IL-6 levels increase later, as a direct response to elevated TNF-␣ levels (28). TNF-␣ and IL-6 levels in serum samples from two groups of mice inoculated with five times the MLD (5 ϫ 10 8 CFU) were determined before bacterial challenge, 60 min after bacterial challenge, and 2, 4, and 6 h after treatment with phage Pt1 or Pf3R.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Next, we tested whether Pf3R and Pt1 treatments elicited different inflammatory responses. TNF-␣ is usually the first of the early cytokines found after the administration of endotoxin (11), whereas IL-6 levels increase later, as a direct response to elevated TNF-␣ levels (28). TNF-␣ and IL-6 levels in serum samples from two groups of mice inoculated with five times the MLD (5 ϫ 10 8 CFU) were determined before bacterial challenge, 60 min after bacterial challenge, and 2, 4, and 6 h after treatment with phage Pt1 or Pf3R.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A number of studies have associated ethanol exposure with dramatic changes in the production of a number of cytokines including IL-1, transforming growth factor ␤, and TNF-␣ [41,42]. These potent cytokines are also known to be elevated after thermal injury and sepsis [8,11] and have been shown to increase circulating and cell-derived IL-6 [43][44][45]. Therefore, it is possible that the changes in IL-6 production observed here may be a result of modulation by other cytokines as well as mediators such as prostaglandins and oxygen free radicals.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The concentration of IL-6 in compartmentalized body fluids and in the circulation is high in animals with infectious, traumatic, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases (Hirano 1992;Van Snick 1990). Gram negative bacterial endotoxin is a potent stimulus for IL-6 production, acting either directly (Fong et al 1989) or indirectly through induction of other cytokines, such as IL-1 and TNF-α (Fong et al 1989;Shalaby et al 1989).…”
Section: Il-6mentioning
confidence: 99%