Endovascular Treatment of AVF after Hair Transplantation

Abstract

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of the scalp is a very rare complication of hair transplantation. Only 9 cases have been reported in nearly half a century. The diagnosis is clinical but angiography is necessary for defining the angioarchitecture of the lesion. Due to technical developments, endovascular embolization has become the primary treatment for AVF of the scalp.

Endovascular treatment for traumatic scalp arteriovenous fistulas: results with Onyx embolization

“…The punch autograft technique is the main technique used and it is considered simple, effective, and safe 3 17. In addition, TMJ arthroscopy is largely used for the treatment of TMJ pain and dysfunction.…”

“…In addition, TMJ arthroscopy is largely used for the treatment of TMJ pain and dysfunction. These procedures have been associated with complications, including vascular injuries, which may result in the development of an AVF when both the artery and vein are damaged during the procedure 12 17 23 24…”

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“…This may occur following a variety of insults, including: Car accidents, diving accidents, penetrating injuries from assaults with sharp objects, and iatrogenic etiologies, such as temporomandibular joint arthroscopy and punch-graft hair transplantation [1]. The literature related to scalp AVF following hair transplantation is limited primarily to single case reports [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. These lesions have been successfully treated with surgical ligation, excision, direct puncture embolization, and selective angiography and embolization with full resolution in 100% of cases and no reported complications to this date.…”

“…It is important to note that as the techniques of surgical hair restoration therapy have evolved, there has been a sharp decline in the incidence of complications [20]. In fact, scalp AVF following hair transplantation has only been described in cases where the classic punch-graft technique was utilized [3,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…successful embolization of scalp AVF [5][6][7]10,15,16]. We present a case of scalp AVF following hair transplantation with special attention paid to the management of the lesion.…”