Enduring and different: A meta-analysis of the similarity in parents' child rearing.

Abstract

The assessment of child-rearing beliefs and behavior has predominantly focused on qualities and characteristics believed to reflect consistent, enduring qualities of parenting--the similarity in child rearing. This review evaluates the evidence for similarity and differences among 3 types of child-rearing data and includes comparisons across time, children, and situations. Both relative stability and mean level differences were found in all 3 domains. The most similarity was found in the across-time and across-children domains, although it depended on the child-rearing construct and methodology used. It is argued that attention to the variability and change in child rearing must be incorporated into theoretical models of parenting to better understand the nature of child rearing and, in turn, parental influence on children's development.

The differential contribution of maternal and paternal values to social competence of preschoolers

“…These results support the hypothesis of researchers such as Tamis-Lamonda et al (2008) or Holden and Miller (1999) who posit that the parental cognition system is multidimensional and that the layout of the theoretical dimensions such as IND or COL is likely to be function of the characteristics of parents, children, and extra-familial environment. For example, in the socio-economic context of the families in this Results of this study also showed sex differences in parental values, with mothers in this sample valuing IND and COL more than fathers did.…”

“…Unlike parental attitudes and behaviours, which are considered somewhat unstable as a function of context (Holden & Miller, 1999), parental values are conceived of as a set of highly stable social cognitions that guide parents when they act as representatives of their community in developing internalised standards and customs in their children (Grusec, 1997). Thus, parenting values are likely to provide an important key to understanding the child's social behaviour while also considering parent and child sex, child age, or social contexts, because values might regulate parenting in the context of socialisation pressures from the macrosystem (culture and religion), the mesosystem (school and neighbourhood), and the microsystem (family) to produce proximal and enduring social influences within parent-child dyads (Alwin, 2001).…”

La consistance de l’intervention éducative parentale : la qualité de l’environnement familial et les comportements interactifs de la mère

“…Une méta-analyse de 87 recherches, menée par Holden et Miller (1999), a permis de conclure que les comportements éducatifs parentaux étaient plus semblables lorsque l'on considérait le moment temporel et l'enfant que lorsque l'on considérait le contexte dans lequel les interactions se déroulaient.…”

Effects of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms, Pubertal Development, and Interpersonal Relationship Satisfaction on Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adolescent Romantic Couples

“…Researchers have investigated the impact of gender on parent-adolescent relationships, but the role of gender in these relationships is unclear (Holden & Miller, 1999). There are several reasons why gender might moderate changes in the parent-adolescent relationship during adolescence.…”

“…Considerable research has focused on the parent-adolescent relationship (e.g., Collins & Repinski, 1994;Holden & Miller, 1999;Holmbeck, 1996;Laursen, Coy, & Collins, 1998;Paikoff, Brooks-Gunn, & Warren, 1991;Steinberg, 2001;Steinberg & Silk, 2002) and how it contributes to adolescent development. Research on the parent-adolescent relationship has demonstrated that adolescents who are permitted to assert their own opinions within a family context that is secure and loving develop higher self-esteem and more mature coping skills; whereas adolescents for whom autonomy is inhibited are at risk of developing feelings of depression and problem behaviors (e.g., Allen, Hauser, Eickholt, Bell, & O'Connor, 1994;Rathunde, 1996;Steinberg, 2001;Silverberg, Tennenbaum, & Jacob, 1992).…”