Energetic and economic feasibility associated with the production, processing, and conversion of beef tallow to a substitute diesel fuel

Nelson, Richard; Schrock, M. D.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.09.005

Cited by 91 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is the chemical composition of biodiesel. Transesterification is widely used for the transformation of triglyceride into FAME (Nelson and Schrock 2006). Catalysts for transesterification can be classified into two kinds: homogeneous and heterogeneous (Meher et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium phosphate as a solid catalyst for biodiesel preparation

Jiang¹,

Zhang²,

Pan³

2010

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Sodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ) was chosen as catalyst for biodiesel preparation from rapeseed oil. The effects of mass ratio of catalyst to oil, molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature and rotation speed on biodiesel yield were investigated. For a mass ratio of catalyst to oil of 3%, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 9:1, reaction temperature of 343K and rotation speed of 600rpm, the transesterification was nearly completed within 20 minutes. Na 3 PO 4 has a similar activity to homogeneous catalysts. Na 3 PO 4 could be used repeatedly for 8 runs without any activation treatment and no obvious activity loss was observed. The concentrations of catalyst in biodiesel ranged from 0.6 to 0.7 mg/g. Compared to Na 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 .10H 2 O was cheaper, but the final yield was 71.3%, much lower than that of Na 3 PO 4 at 99.7%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium phosphate as a solid catalyst for biodiesel preparation

Jiang¹,

Zhang²,

Pan³

2010

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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“…The ER values when tallow is used as the feedstock tend to be slightly higher, depending on the boundaries of the process (Study Nos. 17 (43) , 45 (36) , 50 (41) and 51 (42) . Studies regarding jatropha (Study No.…”

Section: Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 (43) presented ER results for the production, processing, and conversion of beef tallow to biodiesel. Total energy use in the LCA included direct energy inputs in the processes, and the energy embodied in raw material manufacture, i.e.…”

Section: Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodistillate Transportation Fuels 3 - Life Cycle Impacts

Broch

Hoekman

Gertler

et al. 2009

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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“…Transesterification and emulsification are two main solutions that have appeared as effective methods for using animal fats in diesel engine. Animal tallow generated biodiesel offers a wide range of energy, environmental and economic advantage [7]. Here, Glycerol, which is a co-product in the biodiesel production, refining and unrefined.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%