Energy allocation in two dreissenid species under metal stress

1H-NMR metabolomics profiling of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha): A field-scale monitoring tool in ecotoxicological studies

“…Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) originate from the Ponto-Caspian region and are largely used as an animal model in aquatic ecotoxicology because (1) they are largely distributed in the freshwater ecosystems of the northern hemisphere, (2) are considered as one of the worst invasive species in the world, (3) occur at high densities, which facilitates their use for ecotoxicological tests without fear of causing damage to their sustainability (4) their high filtration capacities cause them to accumulate high levels of pollutants, and (5) they tolerate environmental stressors well (Binelli et al, 2015;Bourgeault et al, 2010;Karatayev et al, 2012;Louis et al, 2019). Except for a few studies, all scientific articles about the use of the zebra mussel in ecotoxicology have focused on classical biomarkers such as immunity, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, genotoxicity biomarkers, etc.…”

Metabolic, cellular and defense responses to single and co-exposure to carbamazepine and methylmercury in Dreissena polymorpha

“…This method ensured each individual had identical exposure conditions, hence limiting the impact of physiological and environmental conditions on toxicological effects and responses due to the pollutant (e.g. Louis et al, 2019). For bioaccumulation, whole soft tissues of nine animals were deshelled, rinsed with spring water and frozen at -80°C.…”

“…In this context, representative biota that is found widely in ecosystems are of special interest. The zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) was identified as an interesting non-model species for freshwaters due to its abundance, its wide distribution, its sessile lifestyle and its filtering activity, which favors bioaccumulation of contaminants (Binelli et al, 2015;Louis et al, 2019;Prud'homme et al, 2020;Hani et al, 2021).…”

Biomarker Studies in Stress Biology: From the Gene to Population, from the Organism to the Application

“…For the stated example, beside choosing CAT, addressing SOD, GPx (and/or others) and damage such as LPO or DNA damage will offer a more comprehensive view, and as more biomarkers are added the clearer the puzzle will be, which may include other endpoints related to oxidative stress. Additionally, besides other considerations due the stress specificity where one can include a specific target set of biomarkers, since the increase in the mechanisms to tackle and survive stress do not come without a cost (“cost of tolerance” theory) [ 38 ], to analyse energetic biomarkers may be deemed important to depicting energetic trade-offs and changes in the normal repartition of organisms’ energy [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], allocating it to stress response mechanisms in order to cope with the induced stress. Cellular energy allocation (CEA) is a methodology used to assess and quantify stress-induced energetic trade-offs in the organism by integrating the energetic reserves proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, as components of the energy available, divided by the energy consumption in the cellular metabolism at a given time, determined based on the measurement of the maximum potential activity of the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) in the respiratory chain [ 8 ].…”