Energy and investment intensity of integrated renovation and 2030 cost optimal savings

Green housing: Toward a new energy efficiency paradox?

“…Many previously mentioned studies adopt a life-cycle cost approach (Ouyang et al, 2011;Verbeeck & Hens, 2005), following a well-established methodological framework (Bagatin, Caldon, & Gotthardi, 1984;Gustafsson, 2000;Marshall & Ruegg, 1976). Other recent studies choose to approach the energy efficiency issue by adopting the cost-optimal methodology (Kurnitski et al, 2014), which is widely referenced by Directive 2010/31/EU, and specific object of an EU Regulation with related guidelines (European Commission, 2012; Annex I).…”

How Does the Environmental Load of Household Consumption Depend on Residential Location?

“…The Estonian economy is energy-and carbon-intensive due to the climate, the low adoption of eco-innovation and energy efficiencies in oil-shale-based electricity production [81], energy supply systems and housing stock [82,83]. The high levels of energy intensity have decreased somewhat over the last decade [84,85].…”

Quantification of economic benefits of renovation of apartment buildings as a basis for cost optimal 2030 energy efficiency strategies

“…In 2010, 20% reduction in both CO 2 emissions and energy consumption by 2020 was set as a target for all EU member states [5], the aim being to maintain energy consumption at a 2010 level. According to the above mentioned study [3], in 2010, Estonian building stock account for up to 50% of total national final energy consumption, significantly above an average 37.5% across all EU countries [3]. Estonian final energy use amounted to 33.0 TW h/a, total primary energy use, 45.5 TW h/a (buildings for 55%), and non-renewable primary energy use, 35.3 TW h/a (buildings accounting for 47%) [3].…”

“…With this in mind, a statistical study involving integrated and energy and investment analyses of Estonian building stock, including apartment buildings, was carried out [3]. For each building type, three to four different renovation packages were studied to identify cost optimal solutions [3]. However, the study focused only on energy efficiency/energy savings and investment intensity and did not consider the economic impacts of these renovation measures/packages.…”

“…Developing a national roadmap requires scientific evidence, and on the basis of this evidence, different scenarios may be envisaged. With this in mind, a statistical study involving integrated and energy and investment analyses of Estonian building stock, including apartment buildings, was carried out [3]. For each building type, three to four different renovation packages were studied to identify cost optimal solutions [3].…”