“…Considering more components of a server, Tudor et al [14] propose a power model expressed as a function of energy used by CPU, memory, and I/O devices. Furthermore, Song et al [15] describe a similar power model by expressing the system power consumption as a summation of CPU, memory, disk, and network interface card, which can be shown as Another energy model can be further constructed considering the levels of resource utilisation by the key components of a server as [16] where is the CPU utilisation, is the memory access rate, is the hard disk I/O request rate, and is the network I/O request rate. refers to the predicted power consumption of server at time t while , , , and are the coefficients of CPU, memory, disk, and NIC, respectively.…”