A major ongoing research trend is concerned with finding alternative reprogramming techniques as well as refining existing ones for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). A more recent emerging trend focuses on the structural and functional equivalence between iPSCs and human embryonic stem cells and potential clinical and therapeutic implications on regenerative medicine in a long run. The two trends overlap in terms of what they cite, but they are distinct and have different implications on future research. Visual analytics of the literature provides a valuable, timely, repeatable and flexible approach in addition to traditional systematic reviews so as to track the development of new emerging trends and identify critical evidence.

Power dissipation is increasingly important in CPUs rang

No abstract

Leakage power is a major concern in current and future microprocessor designs. In this paper, we explore the potential of architectural techniques to reduce leakage through power-gating of execution units. This paper first develops parameterized analytical equations that estimate the break-even point for application of power-gating techniques. The potential for power gating execution units is then evaluated, for the range of relevant break-even points determined by the analytical equations, using a state-of-the-art out-of-order superscalar processor model. The power gating potential of the floating-point and fixed-point units of this processor is then evaluated using three different techniques to detect opportunities for entering sleep mode; ideal, time-based, and branch-misprediction-guided. Our results show that using the time-based approach, floating-point units can be put to sleep for up to 28% of the execution cycles at a performance loss of 2%. For the more difficult to power-gate fixed-point units, the branch misprediction guided technique allows the fixed-point units to be put to sleep for up to 40% more of the execution cycles compared to the simpler time-based technique, with similar performance impact. Overall, our experiments demonstrate that architectural techniques can be used effectively in power-gating execution units.

CO 2 emission has raised worldwide concerns because of its potential effects on climate change, species extinction, and plant nutrition deterioration. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are one class of crystalline adsorbent materials that are believed to be of huge potential in CO 2 capture applications because of their advantages such as ultrahigh porosity, boundless chemical tunability, and surface functionality over traditional porous zeolites and activated carbon. In terms of chemistry, there are already many studies devoted to the synthesis of new functional MOFs. Some of the synthesized MOFs have been evaluated for CO 2 capture at laboratory-scale. Several reviews have been published on this topic, but mainly from a chemistry and materials point of view. In this review, the authors focus on the engineering perspective on this topic, with emphases on material evaluation, performance judgment, and process design to address the engineering issues of these materials to be used as adsorbents in industrial CO 2 capture. The current engineering evaluation approaches for MOFs are summarized, in a manner that could also be applied to other adsorbent materials.