Energy-Aware Routing for Software-Defined Multihop Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an energy-aware routing algorithm and a control overhead reduction technique for prolonging the network lifetime of software-defined multihop wireless sensor networks (SDWSNs). This is an effort to optimize the energy consumption of WSNs that provide services to the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). A centralized controller grants a global view of the sensor network by introducing extra control overhead in the network, but this leads to extra energy costs. However, our new algorithm takes advantage of this global view and balances the network energy by selecting paths with the highest remaining energy level among multiple paths for each sensor node. We also identify key functions draining energy from the SDWSN and minimize their impact by implementing a data packet aggregation function, and minimizing the control overhead by keeping track of the sensor nodes' routing tables using a simple checksum function. We show that the proposed approach prolongs the network lifetime of the WSN by 6.5% on average compared to the standard shortest-path algorithm, and that the control overhead is reduced by approximately 12% while still maintaining a very high packet delivery ratio.

A Survey on Machine Learning Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (ML-SDWSNs): Current Status and Major Challenges

“…The most common principal requirement of WSN applications is to prolong the NL, thus the constrained resources of sensor nodes have to be managed in a way that the NL is not drastically reduced. Control packets flowing in the network will increase network energy consumption; therefore, novel control overhead reduction techniques are required to minimise the amount of control overhead and interaction between sensor nodes and the controller, as the work presented in [63].…”

“…Creating multiple forwarding tables on sensor nodes can lead to increased memory size and control overhead, therefore increasing the power consumption in sensor nodes Cooja SDN-WISE [72] & clustering protocols [63] To design an energy-aware routing algorithm that balances the energy across the network and reduce the control overhead To select paths with the highest remaining energy level, aggregate packets to common destination and compute checksum over known routes at the controller The controller can exhaust its resources quickly as it is embedded in one of the sensor nodes…”

ICIC: A Dual Mode Intra-Cluster and Inter-Cluster Energy Minimization Approach for Multihop WSN

“…Data fusion with the ant colony optimization strategy which considers reliability, load balancing and node energy is given in [21]. Routing based on the highest energy on intermediate nodes is presented in [22] and also overhead control mechanism for higher packets delivery is given. A minimum energy consumption route searching K means algorithm based on node energy, distance from BS, and number of route is presented in [23].…”

A Survey on Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks: Current status, machine learning approaches and major challenges

“…The most common principal requirement of WSN applications is to prolong the NL, thus the constrained resources of sensor nodes have to be managed in a way that the NL is not drastically reduced. Control packets flowing in the network will increase network energy consumption; therefore, novel control overhead reduction techniques are required to minimise the amount of control overhead and interaction between sensor nodes and the controller, as the work presented in [46].…”

“…To design an energy-efficient routing algorithm, where the WSN is divided into clusters To use a Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm to solve the selection of control nodes An NP-hard problem no suitable for real-time applications MATLAB LEACH[46] …”