Energy-conserving contact interaction models for arbitrarily shaped discrete elements

Polyhedral particles for the discrete element method

“…In order to calculate contact forces one has to specify the magnitude, the application point and the direction of the force [14]. The interpenetration of two particles can be correlated to the volume V of the overlapping region.…”

An implicitly coupled hydro-geomechanical model for hydraulic fracture simulation with the discontinuous deformation analysis

“…In the original DDA, contacts were divided into three different types: vertex-vertex, vertex-edge and edge-edge. A recognized problem with spring-based penalty methods is that vertexvertex contacts can lead to the inaccurate displacement of blocks by requiring the specification of a single reference line for penetration [24][25][26]. Additionally, it was found that unfractured vertex-vertex contacts would frequently struggle to converge when using the ALM, as the penetration distance and force across both reference lines of the contact would be very small.…”

An extended Greenwood‐Williamson modelbased normal interaction law for discrete element modelling of spherical particles with surface roughness

“…Issues related to geometric uncertainty and its influence on the mechanical behaviour of the particulate system are gaining an increasing attention . In addition to representing complicated shapes by bonding or clumping together several basic entities, there has been a continuous effort in DEM to introduce nonspherical entities such as polygons, polyhedra, super‐quadrics, cylinders, etc . Note that such solutions for modelling irregularities of real particles are mostly focused on the macroscopic level.…”

“…3,4 In addition to representing complicated shapes by bonding or clumping together several basic entities, [5][6][7][8][9] there has been a continuous effort in DEM to introduce nonspherical entities such as polygons, polyhedra, super-quadrics, cylinders, etc. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Note that such solutions for modelling irregularities of real particles are mostly focused on the macroscopic level.…”