Energy consumption analysis of a medium-size primary data center in an academic campus

Choo, Kyosung; Galante, Raquel Manozzo; Ohadi, Michael M.

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.02.042

Cited by 45 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…proposed by Zhang et al [13] On the other hand, researchers [14]- [18] have done much work on energy efficiency of data centers using free cooling systems. Choo et al [19] analyzed the energy consumption of a M A N U S C R I P T…”

Section: A N U S C R I P Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on energy efficiency of an integrated heat pipe system in data centers

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Section: A N U S C R I P Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on energy efficiency of an integrated heat pipe system in data centers

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…This enables air distribution to be optimised to minimise energy consumption whilst ensuring a suitable thermal environment is provided, both in existing and new data centers. CFD has been used successfully to investigate the impact of floor grilles [7], optimise placement of datacom equipment [8] and study the effect of aisle containment [9]. The major challenges in producing accurate models are the multiple length-scales [6], from the chip to the room level, and accurately capturing the various modes of thermal transport and flow regimes present therein [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three computational methods for analysing thermal airflow distributions in the cooling of data centres

Boer

Johns

Delbosc³

et al. 2018

HFF

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This paper uses three different numerical simulation technologies to analyse the thermal airflow distribution in a simple example data center layout. The numerical approaches used are based on finite element, finite volume and lattice Boltzmann methods and are respectively implemented via commercial Multiphysics software, opensource CFD code and GPU based code developed by the authors. Each method includes an appropriate turbulence model and the simulation results focus on comparison of the three methods when applied to 2 rows of datacom racks with cool air supplied by a computer room air conditioner and distributed via an underfloor plenum. Good quantitative agreement between the three methods is seen in terms of the inlet temperatures to the Datacom equipment.Key Words: Data center cooling, Lattice Boltzmann, Finite Element, Finite Volume. IntroductionData centers are facilities hosting information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure, usually laid out in rows of 2m tall racks. Their operation provides digital services across a range of sectors. The quantity and density of these ICT systems results in a distributed and complex dynamic generation of heat throughout the facility that needs to be transported away from the ICT, referred to as datacom, equipment. This is usually achieved by air cooling, where the heat is transferred and ultimately rejected to the outside environment. The growth of these facilities has been considerable, with data centers consuming only 0.12% of US energy consumption for the year 2000 [1] and that figure having risen to over 2% only ten years later, in 2010 [2]. Globally this figure is currently closer to 1.5%, at a growth of roughly 11% per year over the last decade [3], and approximately 45% of this energy is used in the removal of heat [4]. Improvements to the energy efficiency of these facilities are rapidly becoming paramount, due to the need to reduce both running costs and environmental impact [5].

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“…Numerical investigations have either neglected the potential for bypass within server racks (i.e. cold air passing through server racks whilst bypassing the server inlets) [8], [13], [15], [16], [19], or have incorporated this phenomenon without experimental calibration [17] [20]. One experimental study investigated the impact of aisle containment on cooling, but did not measure bypass within racks, effectively assuming that all air flow through racks passed through the servers [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One increasingly common method for reducing bypass and recirculation is to install physical barriers separating the hot and cold air streams, known as aisle containment systems [9], [13], [14]. Experimental and numerical investigations have shown this approach to be effective in reducing electricity consumption and improving cooling effectiveness [8], [9], [15]- [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%