Energy Conversion and Biocompatibility of Surface Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles with Phosphonic Moieties

Abstract

Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized using two distinctly different approaches, co-precipitation (CP) and thermal decomposition (TD), and further surface functionalized with organophosphonic ligands containing different numbers of phosphonic groups. We have shown that it is possible to fabricate flower-like assemblies of MNPs through TD at lower temperatures, whereas CP MNPs formed agglomerates of particles with broad size distribution and irregular shapes. The effect of the organophosphonic ligands on the heating efficiency of the TD and CP MNPs under dual mode stimulation (simultaneous action of AMF and NIR laser radiation) was studied for the first time. It was found that in the case of the cost-effective CP MNP synthesis surface functionalization with chosen phosphonic ligands leads to higher heating efficiency upon laser stimulation, whereas better performance of TD MNPs was found under the action of AMF due to the significant difference of nanoparticle properties. The biocompatibility of surface functionalized MNPs with organophosphonic ligands was evaluated through thorough studies of the metabolic activity of MNPs in normal human foreskin fibroblasts as well as oxidative stress induction and oxidation stress response which has not been previously reported for most of the organophosphonic moieties used in this study.

Synergic Temperature Effect of Star-like Monodisperse Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Related Responses in Normal and Cancer Cells

“…The FTIR−ATR spectra of the ETI reference show typical bands in the most interesting spectral range of 1300−800 cm −1 that is predominantly occupied by vibration modes of different phosphor-containing structural units (O−P−O, P−OH, P− O, P�O, etc.). 29,42 However, the spectra of the bare Fe 3 O 4 MNPs present a characteristic shoulder band with a maximum of around 591 cm −1 that is attributed to the vibrations of the iron cation located at the tetrahedral site. 29 Other very lowintensity peaks are related to the presence of residual organics.…”

“…29,42 However, the spectra of the bare Fe 3 O 4 MNPs present a characteristic shoulder band with a maximum of around 591 cm −1 that is attributed to the vibrations of the iron cation located at the tetrahedral site. 29 Other very lowintensity peaks are related to the presence of residual organics. In the case of star-like, cubic, and tetradodecahedral MNPs, the IR spectra show mutual features.…”

Alternating magnetic field and NIR energy conversion on magneto-plasmonic Fe3O4@APTES–Ag heterostructures with SERS detection capability and antimicrobial activity

“…Recently, considerable interest has been faced towards exploitation of multimodal heat induction by the use of the simultaneous action of AMF and NIR. 20–25 The trick is to take the advantage out of the two totally independent mechanisms of energy conversion into heat that allow to achieve much faster sample heating and reduce the development of thermotolerance by cells that is characteristic of slow heating rates. 26 It is also possible to go beyond the maximum temperature that can be achieved by using separate mode, to limit the concentration of MNPs if needed, or to reduce the overall exposure time.…”

Water-Dispersible Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Modified with Controlled Numbers of Carboxyl Moieties for Magnetic Induction Heating

“…On the other hand, a post-treatment surface modification after particle synthesis is superior in that the surface polarity can be changed while maintaining their shape and size. Therefore, we focused on a ligand exchange reaction using polar ligands. − For this purpose, a carboxyl group (−COOH) is a good candidate for controlling the surface polarity because the surface potential will change after deprotonation treatment. , In addition, introduction of functional groups can not only improve the water dispersibility but can also be used as a binding site for biomolecule conjugation. , On the other hand, there are some monomeric surface modifications for Fe 3 O 4 NPs that utilize various anchoring groups such as −COOH, siloxane (−Si­(OR) 3 ), and phosphonic acid (−PO 3 H 2 ) to help improve the dispersion stability and introduction of functional molecules. ,− Among these functional molecules, phosphonic acid shows high binding stability to the Fe 3 O 4 surface (the binding energy of Fe–O–P is 530 eV) − and acceptable biocompatibility. , Hence, we focused on the surface modification with phosphonic acid by a simple ligand exchange reaction. To date, the ligand exchange reaction has been utilized to introduce functionalized ligands on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 NPs with phosphonic acid. ,, Liang et al reported that the poly­(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified Fe 3 O 4 NPs doped with MnO were synthesized by the ligand exchange reaction with phosphonic acid-substituted PEG for magnetic resonance imaging applications .…”

“…41,45−47 Among these functional molecules, phosphonic acid shows high binding stability to the Fe 3 O 4 surface (the binding energy of Fe−O−P is 530 eV) 47−49 and acceptable biocompatibility. 50,51 Hence, we focused on the surface modification with phosphonic acid by a simple ligand exchange reaction. To date, the ligand exchange reaction has been utilized to introduce functionalized ligands on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 NPs with phosphonic acid.…”