Solar cell technology exhibits many advantages compared to traditional fuel-based energy sources, such as widely available free energy source, zero emission, no noise, safe, and versatility. It also has certain disadvantages: Energy source is thin and diffussive, lack of economic energy storage system, and high installation cost. With the technology improvement and government incentives, solar photovoltaic (PV) cells become viable in more applications, including space and terrestrial power sources for space station, satellite, building, car, and various consumer electronics. It has been producing broad impacts on human life and changing the engineering practice in the past decade.The solar power generation market has been experiencing rapid and vast growth. With the worldwide revolution toward sustainable development, alternative energy has become a top priority. Solar power is at the forefront of alternative energy sources because of its immense potential and availability. Currently, there are three generations of solar cell types: bulk silicon, thin-film, and organic. Bulk silicon PV cells have been invented for decades and is the most common material for solar panels; thin-film cells are a relatively new technology and they are entering the market with success; and finally, organic solar cells are still in the research phase and some challenging problems in efficiency and durability are to be solved before becoming commercially viable. Overall, nine types of solar cells were reviewed: