Energy economic evaluation of process heat supply by solar tower and high temperature reactor based on the ammonia production process

Schröders, Sebastian; Allelein, Hans-Josef

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.12.063

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The solar tower can also be complemented with a thermal storage system (TES), which in turn decrease the fluctuation of the operation of the entire process with the variation of the solar radiation [2].…”

Section: Receiver and Collectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HTF is finally circulated back to the receiver once the drying duty is achieved. For the last two scenarios shown in panel b, a solar tower system with two storage tanks is employed, consisting of a heliostat field, a receiver, a storage system and a tower [2]. The biaxial tracked heliostats reflect the solar radiation onto the central receiver installed on top of the solar tower.…”

Section: Receiver and Collectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The utilization of renewable energies such as solar thermal energy is a promising way to reduce CO2 emissions from the power generation and other energy-intensive industrial processes [1,2]. In general, the concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies use the entire solar spectrum to provide a source of high-temperature process heat in the range of 500-2000°C that are employed to produce power, fuels and chemicals [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process modeling and techno-economic analysis of a solar thermal aided low-rank coal drying-pyrolysis process

Hosseini

Zhang

2021

Fuel Processing Technology

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Section: Receiver and Collectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Receiver and Collectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process modeling and techno-economic analysis of a solar thermal aided low-rank coal drying-pyrolysis process

Hosseini

Zhang

2021

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…In this context, CSP th Hybrid-CT systems have been studied before for the ammonia production process [27]; however, in that work the economic parameter was the ammonia generation cost instead of the LCOH. These kinds of economic parameters make it difficult for other industries to visualize the economic potential of using this technology for their processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levelized Cost of Heat of the CSPth Hybrid Central Tower Technology

2022

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Process heating represents about two-thirds of the energy that the industry sector consumes worldwide; this energy comes primarily from burning fossil fuels. There is a wide variety of processes for which solar technologies can supply energy. Within these technologies, the CSPth Central Tower produces heat at temperatures about 600 °C, making it suitable for high-temperature processes. A CSPth Central Tower can be combined with a fuel-based system to form a CSPth Hybrid Central Tower system, which results in a high-reliable energy source with low rates of CO2 emissions. In this work, the levelized cost of heat (LCOH) of the CSPth Hybrid Central Tower technology was calculated. SolarPILOT was used to design and evaluate the CSPth Central Tower; fuel consumption was calculated using a steady-state energy balance. The LCOH was evaluated considering the CO2 prices recommended by the High-Level Commission on Carbon Pricing. The analysis shows that this technology can be highly competitive and, in certain cases, shows lower LCOH than fuel-based systems. However, these cases depend on reasonable CO2 prices, low costs of capital (≈5%), and efforts to reduce the capital expenditure, which can nowadays be possible for CSPth Hybrid Central Tower systems designed with large solar multiples.

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“…There are numerous manufacturers and a few fundamental options for solar collector technology which must be carefully considered. Solar energy can be harvested not only for generating electricity (via photovoltaic collectors and concentrated solar thermal power plants) but also for providing building heating and cooling, and for thermal energy in the domestic and industrial sectors [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global solar technology optimization for factory rooftop emissions mitigation

Mousa

Taylor

2020

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The industrial sector consumes ∼32% of the world's final energy demand, most in the form of heat which is derived primarily from fossil fuels. Two fundamentally different technologies exist for harvesting sunlight to offset fossil fuel use-solar thermal (ST) and photovoltaic (PV) collectors. The former convert sunlight into heat while the later convert sunlight directly into electricity (although electricity can be converted into heat via heat pumps and/or resistance heating). If/when factories transition towards utilizing their rooftops for solar harvesting, an essential question will be: which solar technology, or a mix of technologies, should be chosen for factory rooftops? This paper investigates this (as yet unanswered) question by assessing the global greenhouse gas emission (GHG e ) mitigation potential of PV and ST collectors in a side-by-side mix (e.g. a percentage where 0% is solely PV and 100% is solely ST available roof area coverage) to supply medium temperature heat (150°C-400°C) for industrial processes. It was found that in most locations globally, a mix of both technologies optimizes the solar output. Globally, installing the optimum PV:ST mix can save up to 141.8 or 205.8 kt CO 2e over installing solely PV or solely ST collectors, respectively. Another interesting finding of this study was that GHG e mitigation potential stems largely from where the solar collectors were manufactured (i.e. the embodied emissions from using local primary energy to fabricate the collectors). Thus, this study reveals that project managers, policymakers, corporate sustainability directors, etc could achieve maximum global GHG e mitigation through simply considering a mix of solar collector technologies and the best practices for manufacturing them. Nomenclatures PVPhotovoltaic ST Solar thermal collector SF Annual solar fraction (contribution) GHG Greenhouse gas CO 2e Equivalent carbon dioxide EM Emission EL Electricity NG Natural gas kt kilo tonne Mt Million tonne GHI Global horizontal irradiance (W m −2 ) DNI Direct normal irradiance (W m −2 ) DNI ratio GHI/DNI (%) GHG e Greenhouse gas emission (kg CO 2e /m 2 ap ) GHG e-Sav Further greenhouse gas emission savings using OPEN ACCESS RECEIVED

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Energy economic evaluation of process heat supply by solar tower and high temperature reactor based on the ammonia production process

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Process modeling and techno-economic analysis of a solar thermal aided low-rank coal drying-pyrolysis process

Process modeling and techno-economic analysis of a solar thermal aided low-rank coal drying-pyrolysis process

Levelized Cost of Heat of the CSPth Hybrid Central Tower Technology

Global solar technology optimization for factory rooftop emissions mitigation

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