“…Over the years, key concepts have been analyzed with the aim to explain their effects on variability of growth (Pirlogea and Cicea, 2012). From the theoretical point of view, unidirectional, bidirectional and neutrality approaches have prevailed in the latest studies (Adewuyi and Adeniyi, 2015;Ahmed and Azam, 2016;Balitskiy et al, 2016;Ee, 2016;Mutascu, 2016;Saidi and Hammami, 2015;Shahzad et al, 2017;Trost and Bojnec, 2015) examining the relationships among energy consumption, export and economic growth. Despite the fact that the results of the studies have varied across the countries, the relationships between energy consumption, export and economic growth may be described as one of these three types of relationships.…”