Energy Efficiency in IoT Networks: Integration of Reconfigurable Antennas in Ultra Low-Power Radio Platforms Based on System-on-Chip

Ciccia, Simone; Giordanengo, Giorgio; Vecchi, G.

doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2911557

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Reconfigurable sensing antennas have emerged as a unique candidate for sensing solutions [31] and have attracted significant attention after the advent of IoT [32,33]. Some of them include flexible antennas that are typically made of conductive inks/pastes and useful for applications such as wearable systems [34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed Chipless Antenna as Flexible Temperature Sensor

Bhattacharjee

Nikbakhtnasrabadi

Dahiya

2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

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The ever-increasing number of devices on wearable and portable systems comes with challenges such as integration complexity, higher power requirements, and less user comfort. In this regard, the development of multifunctional devices could help immensely as they will provide the same functionalities with lesser number of devices. Herein, we present a dual-function flexible loop antenna printed on Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) substrate. With a PEDOT:PSS section as part of the printed structure, the presented antenna can also serve as a temperature sensor by means of change in resistance. The antenna resonates at 1.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequencies. The ohmic resistance of the temperature sensing part decreases by ~70% when the temperature increases from 25⁰C to 90⁰C. The developed antenna was characterised using VNA in the same temperature range and the S11 magnitude was found to change by ~3.5 dB. The induced current was also measured in the GSM frequency range and sensitivity of ~1.2%/⁰C was observed for the sensing antenna. The flexible antenna was also evaluated in lateral and cross bending conditions and the response was found to be stable for the cross bending. Due to these unique features, the presented antenna sensor could play a vital role in the drive toward ubiquitous sensing through wearables, smart labels, and the internet of things (IoT).

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed Chipless Antenna as Flexible Temperature Sensor

Bhattacharjee

Nikbakhtnasrabadi

Dahiya

2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

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“…The initial set of candidate positions is selected by regularly spacing the isotropic radiators on the available aperture with an inter-element distance of λ/100, resulting in a starting value N = 2001. The linear array geometry has been widely applied to IoT scenarios [19,20,48], thanks to its simplicity of realization and conformability to objects having the length as the prevailing dimension.…”

Section: First Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second example is still a 2D flat-top synthesis problem taken from [39]. The problem considers the same linear array and candidate elements of the first example, but, differently, the array is composed by directive radiators, which are more likely to be mounted on actual IoT sensors [19,20,48]. More precisely, the single-element pattern is modeled by the function f n (θ) = sin θ, representing a short dipole parallel to the z-axis.…”

Section: Second Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Geometrical Synthesis of Sparse Antenna Arrays Using Compressive Sensing for 5G IoT Applications

Buttazzoni

Babich

Vatta

et al. 2020

Sensors

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One of the main targets of the forthcoming fifth-generation (5G) cellular network will be the support of the communications for billions of sensors and actuators, so as to finally realize the Internet of things (IoT) paradigm. This pervasive scenario unavoidably requires the design of cheap antenna systems with beamforming capabilities for compensating the strong attenuations that characterize the millimeter-wave (mmWave) channel. To address this issue, this paper proposes an iterative algorithm for sparse antenna arrays that enables to derive the number of elements, their amplitudes, phases, and positions in the presence of constraints on the far-field pattern. The algorithm, which relies on the compressive sensing approach, is formulated by transforming the original nonconvex optimization problem into a convex one. To prove the suitability of the conceived solution for 5G IoT mmWave applications, numerical examples and comparisons with other existing methods are provided, considering synthesis problems with different pattern and aperture specifications.

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“…A Euclidean norm approximation is used to find the total R OUT [26]. Hence, V OUT is given by (2), where I OUT-avg is the average output current. ) -(1)…”

Section: A Switched-capacitor Converter Impedance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

An Input Power-Aware Efficiency Tracking Technique With Discontinuous Charging for Energy Harvesting Applications

2020

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This paper proposes a discontinuous charging technique for switched-capacitor converters that improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) at low power levels and extends the input power harvesting range at which high PCE is achievable. Discontinuous charging delivers current to energy storage only during clock non-overlap time. This enables tuning of the output current to minimize converter losses based on the available input power. Based on this fundamental result, an input power-aware, two-dimensional efficiency tracking technique for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes is presented. In addition to conventional switching frequency control, clock non-overlap time control is introduced to adaptively optimize PCE according to the sensed ambient power levels. The proposed technique is designed and simulated in 90nm CMOS with post-layout extraction. Under the same input and output conditions, the proposed system maintains at least 45% PCE at 4µW input power, as opposed to a conventional continuous system which requires at least 18.7µW to maintain the same PCE. Therefore, the input power harvesting range is extended by 1.5x. The technique is applied to a wearable WSN implementation utilizing the IEEE 802.15.4-compatible GreenNet communications protocol. This allows the node to meet specifications and achieve energy autonomy when deployed in environments where the input power is 49% lower than what is required for conventional operation.

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Energy Efficiency in IoT Networks: Integration of Reconfigurable Antennas in Ultra Low-Power Radio Platforms Based on System-on-Chip

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Printed Chipless Antenna as Flexible Temperature Sensor

Printed Chipless Antenna as Flexible Temperature Sensor

Geometrical Synthesis of Sparse Antenna Arrays Using Compressive Sensing for 5G IoT Applications

An Input Power-Aware Efficiency Tracking Technique With Discontinuous Charging for Energy Harvesting Applications

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