Abstract:In search of a reliable methodology for the prediction of light absorption and emission of Ce 3+ -doped luminescent materials, thirteen representative materials are studied with first-principles and semi-empirical approaches. In the first-principles approach, that combines constrained density-functional theory and ∆SCF, the atomic positions are obtained for both ground and excited states of the Ce 3+ ion. The structural information is fed into Dorenbos' semi-empirical model. Absorption and emission energies are calculated with both methods and compared with experiment. The first-principles approach matches experiment within 0.3 eV, with two exceptions at 0.5 eV. In contrast, the semi-empirical approach does not perform as well (usually more than 0.5 eV error). The general applicability of the present first-principles scheme, with an encouraging predictive power, opens a novel avenue for crystal site engineering and high-throughput search for new phosphors and scintillators.
2The 4f→5d transition of Ce 3+ ion has been widely used in the design of efficient luminescent systems such as white LED phosphors, scintillators and laser materials due to its spin-allowed character and its tunability as a function of the host material. [1-6] Until now, most of the efforts to find new hosts relied on trial and error. An accurate and efficient methodology to design new materials would be a remarkable achievement. With this idea in mind, a semi-empirical model has been proposed by Dorenbos, to describe Ce 3+ luminescence in inorganic compounds. [7] This semi-empirical model provides correct general trend for absorption.Unfortunately, it suffers from several drawbacks. First, its quantitative predictions rely on some fitting parameters, which have been determined only for oxide, nitride and fluoride materials at present.[6] Second, the semi-empirical model fails to predict the emission energy and Stokes shift. This limitation is due to missing experimental relaxed structure configurations in the excited state. These two shortcomings result in limited accuracy and scope of the semi-empirical approach.In a recent paper, we have explored a first-principles alternative to overcome the drawbacks of Dorenbos' semi-empirical model. [8] The successful quantitative description of the neutral excitation, emission energy and Stokes shift in two Ce 3+ -doped lanthanum silicate nitrides has been realized. Our approach is based on constrained density functional theory (CDFT) and the ∆SCF methods, following the early work by Marsman. [9] Recently, Canning and co-authors used CDFT to identify several promising hosts for efficient scintillators, but they did not study the emission and Stokes shifts. [10] In the present work, we assess the generality and accuracy of the proposed theoretical method, and compare it with Dorenbos' semi-empirical model. To do so, firstly we study from first principles the absorption, emission and Stokes shift of a set of thirteen representative Ce 3+ -doped materials that include oxides, nitrides and halid...