Energy Efficient Throughput Aware Traffic Load Balancing in Green Cellular Networks

Abstract

With the augmentation of affordable multimedia wireless gadgets, the ubiquitous availability of internet access and the rapid pace of mobile traffic motivate research towards fifth generation (5G) communications to realize energy-efficient cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) with guaranteed quality of experience. Exploiting green energy harvesting for powering the C-RAN substantially alleviates the energy procurement from the utility grid, carbon footprint and operational expenses. In this paper, we propose a new dynamic point selection coordinated multipoint (DPS CoMP) based load balancing paradigm emphasizing on achievable throughput and energy efficiency by reducing utility grid consumption from a network level perspective. This paper investigate the radio efficiency, energy efficiency (EE) and average on-grid energy saving addressing the key challenges of tempo-spatial dynamics of traffic intensity and renewable energy (RE) generation under a wide range of networks setup. Endeavoring load balancing technique strives a balance in network utilities such as green energy utilization and user association based on BS coordination in a cluster. Provision of cell sleep approach is contemplated for energy saving by turning off lightly base stations (BSs) during low traffic arrivals. The proposed CoMP based load balancing algorithm proficiently manages resource block allocation to the new users and elevated the energy efficiency over the conventional location and traffic centric mechanisms. Extensive system-level simulations manifest that the suggested framework enable adjustable trade-off between radio efficiency and EE, and saves 22% on-grid power consumption and increases EE index by 32%. Afterwards, an exhaustive comparison of the proposed method with the existing schemes is pledged for further validation highlighting sustainable 5G wireless systems.INDEX TERMS Energy efficiency, coordinated multipoint, hybrid power supply, centralized RAN, load balancing, cell zooming, green communication.

Multi-Objective Energy Efficient Resource Allocation in Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output-Aided Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks

“…In high density H-CRANs, handling all users by high throughput and low energy consumption cost is important. By deploying a large number of RRHs in a cell, SE and the throughput of the whole network will be improved, which may lead to underutilized RRHs and BBUs, and consequently increased energy consumption costs and decreased EE [16]. Therefore, to reduce energy consumption costs, simultaneously maximizing the throughput and minimizing the number of active RRHs and BBUs are considered two conflicting objective functions for improving EE [17].…”

“…This work focuses on the intersection of two main areas in H-CRAN resource allocation problems: EE and MOO. In the area of EE, there has been a surge of research (e.g., in [4], [8], [13], [16], [26], [27], [28]). In these works, the EE MOO problem is not considered.…”

A Fog-Cluster Based Load-Balancing Technique

“…Ref. [13] analyzed radio efficiency power efficiency and average network power savings in various network configurations to address the core challenges of time-spatial traffic intensity dynamics and renewable energy (RE). A network utility, such as the use of green energy and user association based on a group coordination strategy, is fairly maintained as a result of this effort.…”

Energy-Efficient Hybrid Powered Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) for 5G

“…Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrated the performance improvement of the energy cooperation. A dynamic point selection coordinated multipoint based adaptive load balancing scheme for C-RAN networks was examined in [23]. Extensive system-level simulations demonstrated that the suggested framework increased EE index by 32%.…”