Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities

Baniata, Mohammad; Hong, Jiman

doi:10.1155/2017/5790161

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Therefore, the time complexity is O (nxIround +K-1), where I_round is the number of rounds for the node until it dies. Consequently, the time complexity for the CHSRA is identical for the linear function, which is a small contribution for time complexity in terms of CH selection and rotation processes [39]. Furthermore, the space complexity of the CHSRA is O (K 2 +50), where it is an acceptable contribution of the space complexity for processes of the CH selection and rotation.…”

Section: Complexity Analysis For Ieecpmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Energy-Efficient Clustering Protocol to Prolong the Lifetime of the WSN-Based IoT

et al. 2020

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A wireless sensor network (WSN) is an important part of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, sensor nodes of a WSN-based IoT network are constraining with the energy resources. A clustering protocol provides an efficient solution to ensure energy saving of nodes and prolong the network lifetime by organizing nodes into clusters to reduce the transmission distance between the sensor nodes and base station (BS). However, existing clustering protocols suffer from issues concerning the clustering structure that adversely affects the performance of these protocols. In this study, we propose an improved energyefficient clustering protocol (IEECP) to prolong the lifetime of the WSN-based IoT. The proposed IEECP consists of three sequential parts. First, an optimal number of clusters is determined for the overlapping balanced clusters. Then, the balancedstatic clusters are formed on the basis of a modified fuzzy C-means algorithm by combining this algorithm with a mechanism to reduce and balance the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. Lastly, cluster heads (CHs) are selected in optimal locations with rotation of the CH function among members of the cluster based on a new CH selection-rotation algorithm by integrating a back-off timer mechanism for CH selection and rotation mechanism for CH rotation. In particular, the proposed protocol reduces and balances the energy consumption of nodes by improving the clustering structure, where IEECP is suitable for networks that require a long lifetime. The evaluation results prove that the IEECP performs better than existing protocols.

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Section: Complexity Analysis For Ieecpmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Energy-Efficient Clustering Protocol to Prolong the Lifetime of the WSN-Based IoT

et al. 2020

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“…The use of clustering approaches for IoT communications under the 5G environment is determined by analyzing the main differences between WSNs and IoT based on different features. First, while WSNs were originally established for monitoring and collecting data for an exclusive environment such as military surveillance [ 21 ], health monitoring [ 22 ], IoT communication systems are applied in heterogeneous environments including homes, buildings, smart cities [ 23 ], and smart grids [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Following their applications, the amount of data transmitted in the WSNs is relatively smaller than in the IoT communication systems, which require a very high bandwidth to accomplish their goal.…”

Section: Problem Formulation and Existing Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Efficient Hybrid Routing Protocol for IoT Communication Systems in 5G and Beyond

Baniata

Reda

Chilamkurti

et al. 2021

Sensors

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One of the major concerns in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is most of the sensor nodes are powered through limited lifetime of energy-constrained batteries, which majorly affects the performance, quality, and lifetime of the network. Therefore, diverse clustering methods are proposed to improve energy efficiency of the WSNs. In the meantime, fifth-generation (5G) communications require that several Internet of Things (IoT) applications need to adopt the use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems to provide an improved capacity over multi-path channel environment. In this paper, we study a clustering technique for MIMO-based IoT communication systems to achieve energy efficiency. In particular, a novel MIMO-based energy-efficient unequal hybrid clustering (MIMO-HC) protocol is proposed for applications on the IoT in the 5G environment and beyond. Experimental analysis is conducted to assess the effectiveness of the suggested MIMO-HC protocol and compared with existing state-of-the-art research. The proposed MIMO-HC scheme achieves less energy consumption and better network lifetime compared to existing techniques. Specifically, the proposed MIMO-HC improves the network lifetime by approximately 3× as long as the first node and the final node dies as compared with the existing protocol. Moreover, the energy that cluster heads consume on the proposed MIMO-HC is 40% less than that expended in the existing protocol.

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“…Unlike ECST [14] that adds the nearest node to the end of CL without considering the other nodes in CL, the proposed algorithm rearranges CL with every added node to the CL which minimises the overall power consumption in transferring data per round.…”

Section: Bs Repeats the Previous Update Process To Include All Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, smart cities [14], etc. However, it is essential that a routing technique should guarantee satisfactory performance in handling huge data transmissions in IoT network which comprises of a large number of sensor nodes.…”

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Chain‐routing scheme with compressive sensing‐based data acquisition for Internet of Things‐based wireless sensor networks

et al. 2021

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The emerging Internet of Things (IoT)-based systems that integrate diverse types of sensors, mobiles and other technologies to physical world is becoming increasingly popular for use in wide varieties of applications. Compressive sensing (CS)-based information acquisition and in-network compression provide an effective method for accurate data recovery at the base station (BS) with reduced cost of communication. In this study, how CS can be combined with routing protocols for gathering data in IoT-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in an energy-efficient manner are examined. A novel chain-routing scheme with CS based data acquisition is introduced that includes the following new algorithms: (1) Seed Estimation Algorithm (SEA) to find the best measurement matrix by selecting the best-estimated seed, (2) Chain Construction Algorithm (CCA) to organise the network nodes during transmitting and receiving process, (3) Compression approach with reduced consumption of energy that improves the lifetime of the network by minimising the local data traffic, and (4) Reconstruction Algorithm (RA) that reconstructs the original data with minimum reconstruction error. Here, extensive simulation and analysis results prove the performance of our proposed method in improving the network lifetime 35% better than the ECST algorithm and 93% better than the PEGASIS algorithm. In addition, the proposed reconstruction algorithm exceeds the other reconstruction algorithms performance. 1 | INTRODUCTION The gaining popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) makes it an emerging field of research where researchers attempt to connect/interact everyday items to the Internet [1,2]. IoT sensors or computing networks can be embedded in living as well as inanimate objects, including clothing, food, plants, animals and vehicles. The augmentation of these objects with computational capabilities extends their functions and promises to transform numerous fields such as health, logistics, military and entertainment industries [3-6]. In last few years, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications in particular surveillance, transportation and monitoring applications have attracted a number of researchers [7-10]. WSN is considered as the most crucial IoT component in which the IoT devices can communicate wirelessly [11-13]. However, limited power, storage and processor of IoT devices are considered the main challenges that hinder the development of IoT applications. Framing effective routing protocols for IoT network is a crucial aspect. The massive energy constraints of densely integrated sensor nodes motivated the development of several routing protocols for IoT-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Chain-based routing protocols are considered as one of the energy efficient solutions for IoT network, in which the nodes in IoT network are arranged to create a chain. A chain can be built by the WSN nodes on their own by adopting a greedy strategy initiated from any node in the network or can be built by the base station (BS) which will compute and broadcas...

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Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

An Improved Energy-Efficient Clustering Protocol to Prolong the Lifetime of the WSN-Based IoT

An Improved Energy-Efficient Clustering Protocol to Prolong the Lifetime of the WSN-Based IoT

Energy-Efficient Hybrid Routing Protocol for IoT Communication Systems in 5G and Beyond

Chain‐routing scheme with compressive sensing‐based data acquisition for Internet of Things‐based wireless sensor networks

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