Energy embodied in the international trade of China: An energy input–output analysis

Structural Decomposition Analysis of Carbon Emissions and Policy Recommendations for Energy Sustainability in Xinjiang

“…Peters et al conducted a structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to analyze how changes in technology, economic structure, urbanization, and lifestyles affected China's growing carbon emissions from 1992 to 2002 [15], and found that infrastructure construction and urban household consumption had played big effects on total emissions, while technology and efficiency improvements have only partially offset emissions growth. Using the IO-SDA (input-output structural decomposition analysis), Zhang examined the supply-side structure effect on the production-related carbon emissions in China from 1992 to 2005 [16], and Liu et al evaluated the energy embodied in the international trade of China during the same period [17]; results show that increasing exports of energy-intensive goods enlarged energy embodied in trade, mainly due to the rapid growth of manufacturing sectors. Zhu et al adopted IO-SDA method to investigate the indirect carbon emissions from residential consumption in China from 1992 to 2005 [18], results show that the rising residential consumption level accelerated the growth of residential indirect carbon emissions.…”

Carbon Footprints and Embodied Carbon Flows Analysis for China’s Eight Regions: A New Perspective for Mitigation Solutions

“…A series of studies have tried to find out the solution to curb the emissions from many aspects [11][12][13][14][15], among which, accounting of the embodied carbon and carbon footprints of China are the major concerns. Lin employed an input-output model to evaluate the embodied carbon dioxide in international trade between China and other countries [16]; Liu detected the energy embodied in international trade of China [17]; Shui did a research on the embodied carbon in US-China trade [18]; while Li focused on the carbon emissions between China and UK [19]; Liu investigated the embodied energy use in China's industrial sectors using an IO model [20]; Zhu conducted an calculation and decomposition of indirect carbon emissions from residential consumption in China [21]; Chen explored the sectoral carbon footprints in 2007 of the whole country and in another paper, the carbon footprints of Beijing [22].…”

“…However, in all research that employs SRIO model, there must be a strong assumption that the sectors of external regions have the same emission intensities as the studied region. Obviously, this may lead to incorrect results [16,17,38]. On the other hand, MRIO contains sectors in all trade partners and can obtain a more accurate result [33,34,[39][40][41][42], which is of great importance when studying the relationships between multiple regions.…”

Dilemmas for China: Energy, Economy and Environment

“…Kahrl and Roland-Holst [53] point out that since 2002, the energy required to generate exports have been the largest source of energy demand growth in China. Therefore, as a "world factory", China distributes a lot of embodied energy to other countries through inexpensive "made in China" products, and this embodied energy has tended to increase over time [54]. Taking embodied oil as an example, China's net oil exports embodied in international trade were estimated to be 78.69 million tons (Mt) in 2011, while they were only 24.83 Mt in 1997 and 28.99 Mt in 2002 [55].…”